Lab Practical

null hypothesis

the hypothesis to be tested which you want to disprove. It is only
accepted when there is no statistical significance (p-value) between the measured concepts.

indirect relationship

when one variable increases, the other decreases

paired relationship

The same subjects/groups are tested under each experimental
condition/treatment. An ideal example ia a before and after experiment. For this, when carrying out a t-test to determine the p-value, ‘one-sample’ t-test will be done.

serological pipette

transfers liquids measured in volume by ml

direct relationship

both variables increase together or both decrease together

unpaired relationship

Here, different subjects are tested under the same experimental
treatment. For this, when doing a t-test, a ‘two-sample’ will be done.

micropipette

accurately and precisely transfer volumes of liquid in the microliter range

X

when given an absorbance value, always solve for ______

p-value

the probability that a result was obtained by chance. In
statistics, it is usually set at pevidence for accepting the alternative hypothesis.

14

pH + pOH = _____?

alternative hypothesis

This states what you believe/ expect to be true about some
population parameter. It is proven by the existence of a statistical significant difference (p-value

[H30+]

10^-pH

negative

when finding the buffering capacity of acids, you must have a ________ in your equation

pH

-log[H+]= _____?

[H+]

10^pH

percent by volume solution

C1V1=C2V2

pOH

-log[OH-] = ______?

C2V2

concentration and volume of dilute solution

molar solution

grams required = molecular weight (g/mole) * volume desired in liters * molarity desired

percent solution

grams required = (% required) * (volume desired in mL)/(100mL)

C1V1

Concentration and volume of stock solution

how to find molecular weight

add atomic weights of all elements in an equation

10

multiply the objective lens by _____ to calculate magnification

isotonic

any external solution that has the same solute concentration and water concentration compared to body fluids. In an isotonic solution, no net movement of water will take place

when there is less surface volume

when is rate of diffusion highest?

passive diffusion

membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes

hypertonic

any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids. In a hypertonic solution, the net movement of water will be out of the body and into the solution

facilitated diffusion

the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane. is a type of passive transport

hypotonic

concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it

active diffusion

the movement of molecules or ions from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration with the assistant of carrier proteins in the cell membrane, utilizing cellular energy

no enzyme activity

negative slope meanas

slope of the line

how to figure out enzyme activity from the equation of a line

high enzyme activity

high slope signifies

osmosis

the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

dilution factor

(total volume of sample)/(volume of cells)

dark blue

non-viable cells stain a ______ color

count viable cells touching middle, left, and upper side

how to read a hemocytometer

slope of the line

how to figure out % change in transmittance over time

enzyme activity

an increase in substrate concentration leads to an increase in

viable cells/mL

Average count (between A and B) x 5 x Volume factor
(10,000) x Dilution factor (df)

Average Count of cells

[viable (or none viable) cells in A + viable (or none viable) cells in B]/ 2

colorless or faintly blue

viable cells stain a _______ color

budding

how yeast cells divide

cell plate

how plant cells divide

cleavage furrow

how animal cells divide

equation for photosynthesis

sunlight + 6CO2 + 12H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

more sample protein inserted

the thicker the band in gel electrophoresis, the ________

the population is smaller to begin with

an allele will go extinct faster if ______

closer relatedness

closeness of branching position in a phylogenetic tree represents