Chemistry Mod 4: Electrons and Wavelengths

atomic orbital

a 3-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron’s probable location

Aufbau Principle

States that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by 3 rules-the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule

electromagnetic radiation

a form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space; can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed.

frequency

the number of waves that pass a given point per second

ground state

the lowest allowable energy state of an atom

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

photon

a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum if energy

valence electrons

the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element

what is another word for orbital

electron cloud

describe the direct relationship between frequency and energy

as frequency increases- so does energy

what’s the difference between a 1s and a 2s orbital

same spherical shape, 1s is smaller with less energy, 2s is farther from the nucleus

what are the 4 sublevels

s, p, d, and f

how many orbitals does the s sublevel have

1

how many orbitals does the p sublevel have

3

how many orbitals does the d sublevel have

5

how many orbitals does the f sublevel have

7

how many electrons can the s level hold?

2

how many electrons can the p level hold?

6

how many electrons can the d level hold?

10

how many electrons can the f level hold?

14

when is an atomic emission spectrum created

when electrons drop from high to lover energy levels

write the order of sublevels in order of fill

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p

what level would come next if another level was added

8s

explain hunds rule

electrons prefer to be separate

what is constant accross all types of waves and frequency,

they move at the same speed, the speed of light

What is the wave model unable to explain

the photoelectric effect

how many spectral lines does hydrogen have

4

What element was the only one explained by Bohr’s Model

hydrogen

How did De Broglie change the model of the atom?

electrons have dual (wave-particle) nature

How doe sthe quantum model explain the movement of elctrons

orbitals of electrons are waves

An electron for which n=4 has more __________ than one for which n=2

energy

what shape is the s orbital

spherical

what shape is the p orbital

dumbbell

All frequencies and wavelengths of light have the same ___________

speed

how is electron location determined?

atomic stability

What elements on the periodic table are the most stable?

noble gases

How do electrons become “excited?”

upon gaining energy

what happens to electrons when they get excited?

they are able to pull away from the pull of the nucleus and move to a higher energy level

What happens when electrons lose their excitement?

the electron will drop into a lower energy level and release a photon

what color is low frequency and long wavelength light?

red

what color is high frequency high energy and short wavelength light?

purple

how are wavelength and frequency related

speed of light= wavelength x frequency