Acids and Bases Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering acids, bases, pH, and related concepts.

Arrhenius acids

Substances that increase the concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solutions.

Arrhenius bases

Substances that increase the concentration of OH- ions in aqueous solutions.

Bronsted-Lowry acids

Proton donors.

Bronsted-Lowry bases

Proton acceptors.

Lewis acids

Electron pair acceptors.

Lewis bases

Electron pair donors.

pH scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance, ranging from 0 to 14.

Blue litmus paper

Turns red under acidic conditions.

Red litmus paper

Turns blue under basic conditions.

Neutral substance

A substance that is neither acidic nor basic, with a pH around 7.

Titration

Analytical technique to determine the unknown concentration of acid or base.

Equivalence point

The point where the number of moles of acid equals the number of moles of base in a titration.

Indicators

Substances that change color at a specific pH range.

Buffers

Resist pH changes near their equivalence point.

pOH

A measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions, calculated as 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10[𝑂𝐻+]

pKa

𝑝𝐾𝑎 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10(𝐾𝑎)

pKb

𝑝𝐾𝑏 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔10(𝐾𝑏)

Conjugate acid and base pair

The acid and base which differ by proton.