Evolution Test

Bio 101

Evolution

Change in genetic structure in populations

Fossils are preserved by…

being frozen, mummified, tar or amber, buried by sediments, footprints or crawl prints

Homology

shared characteristics due to common ancestry

Fact

something that we can appeal to our senses (can be proven as true) (How)

Theory

What

Fitness

Ability to survive and reproduce, in a given environment

Adaptation

-Feature: features that result from selection

-Process: being shaped in an environment through selection

Abiotic selective pressure

PH, temp, light, H2O, minerals

Biotic selective pressure

Food (prey), predator, parasites, competitors

Universal life attributes

-Phospholipid bilayer

-Metabolism

-Genetic system (DNA to RNA to proteins)

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history of a species or group of species

Systematics

The study of the evolutionary relationships of organisms

Cladistics

A taxonomic approach that classifies organisms according to the order of their branches on a phylogenetic tree.

Homoplasy

Traits are similar but were not inherited from a common ancestor

True or False: Synapomorphy can be evolved

False

True or False: For selection to occur heritable variation needs to occur

True

What is evidence of evolution?

-Fossils

-Real time evolution

-Vestigial structures

-Homology

-Artificial selection

-Biogeography

Biogeography

Why things live where they live

LUCA

Last Universal Common Ancestor

How long has the earth been evolving?

4 billion years

Unity

Common ancestry

Diversity

Selection

Natural selection =?

evolution

Natural Selection

Natural: artificial

Selection: Process of selection

Types of natural selection

-Heritable Variation

-Selective Pressure

Heritable Variation

a population changes to be more fit (adaptation)

Selective Pressure

Increase and decrease in reproductive output

Charles Darwin

-Published a species book

-Convinced scientists that evolution occurs

-Provided mechanism for evolution

-Observed unequal reproductive success, due in part to heritable variation

Types of selection

Stabilizing selection and directional selection

True or False: All living things have a common ancestor

True

Phylogenetic Tree of a human

Domain: Eukaryote

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Primates

Family: Humidae

Genus: Homo

Species: Sapiens

Phylogenetic Tree of Dogs

Domain: Eukaryote

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivores

Family: Canidae

Genus: Canis

Species: Familiaris