cell divison test study

Prokaryotic cells divide by

Binary Fission

Eukaryotic cells divide by:

Mitosis and Meiosis

Interphase is made up of:

G₁ phase, S phase, and G₂ phase

Chromosome replication occurs during

S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase

Human cells permanently arrested in G₀ phase:

Nerve cells and muscle cells

M checkpoint is also known as:

Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

High MPF level is required for cell cycle to move from:

G₂ to M phase

Cyclin breakdown moves the cell from:

M to G₁ phase

At checkpoints, cells are assessed for their size, reserves, and

DNA damage

DNA wound around:

Is called:

Histone protein

Nucleosome

A replicated chromosome consists of two:

Attached to one another at the:

Sister chromatids

Centromere

Cell division process responsible for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction:

mitosis

Organelle responsible for spindle apparatus formation and also known as MOC:

Centrosome

Spindle apparatus begins to form during:

Fully formed by:

Prophase

Metaphase

Spindle fibers attach to protein plates on centromeres called:

During:

Kinetochores

Prometaphase

___ cells do not have centrosomes but are able to assemble spindle fibers for cell division:

plant cells

Chromosomes condense during:

Decondense during:

Prophase

Telophase

Nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear during:

Reform during:

Prophase

Telophase

Spindle apparatus assembles during:

Disassembles during:

Prophase

Telophase

Sister chromatids are separated during this phase:

Anaphase

A mother cell with 24 chromosomes divides by mitosis:

Chromatid count at metaphase: 48 chromatids

Chromosome count in each daughter cell: 24 chromosomes

Cytokinesis is marked by formation of:

Cell plate in plant cells and cleavage furrow in animal cells

Meiosis involves:

Resulting in:

2 cell divisions

4 daughter cells

Homologous pairs line up at the equatorial plate during:

Metaphase 1 of Meiosis

Homologous pairs separate during:

Anaphase 1 of meiosis

Sister chromatids separate during:

Anaphase 2 of meiosis

Meiotic division that reduces chromosomes by half:

Meiosis 1

Synapsis and crossing over occur during:

Prophase 1 of meiosis

Orientation of chromosomes during Metaphase results in:

Independent assortment of chromosomes

___ divide by Meiosis I while ___ divide by Meiosis II in spermatogenesis:

Primary spermatocytes divide by Meiosis I

Secondary spermatocytes divide by Meiosis II

___ divide by Meiosis I while ___ divide by Meiosis II in oogenesis:

Primary oocytes divide by Meiosis I

Secondary oocytes divide by Meiosis II

Primary spermatocytes and oocytes have:

46 chromosomes

Secondary spermatocytes and oocytes:

23 chromosomes

Spermatogenesis results in the formation of:

4 sperms

Oogenesis results in formation of:

1 egg

Polar bodies are formed during:

Oogenesis

If a cell has 16 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis:

hromosomes in daughter cells after Meiosis I: 8

Chromosomes in daughter cells after Meiosis II: 8

___, ___, and ___ play an important role in genetic diversity:

Crossing Over

Independent Assortment

Random Fertilization