IMMUNOLOGY RBE REVIEWER

FALSE

True or False. If the microorganism is not eliminated or inadequate tissue repair, inflammation still ends.

ADHERENCE AND OPSONIZATION

In what phase of neutrophil phagocytosis is trapping another mechanism that promotes contact between bacteria and neutrophils?

 IL-6

A horse has been training for Polo. What inflammatory mediator does its muscle produce?

TLR5

What TLR recognizes Vibrio cholerae?

TLR4

In a bacterial infection, what TLR is expressed in the stem cells of bone marrow?

TLR10

All TLRs can recognize viruses except

TLR5

All TLRs are located intracellularly except?

CD4, CD8

___ count means an increased lymphocyte reactivity because helper T cells predominate. Whereas ___ count implies depresses lymphocyte reactivity.

 False

True or False. NK Cells express conventional receptors such as B cell antigen receptor and T cell antigen receptor.

Lymphoid Tissue Inducer

ILC3s are also called what?

Group 3, Group 1, Group 2

In the Innate Lymphoid Cells, _____ promotes immunity to intracellular bacteria, while ____ defends against viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites, and _____ defends against helminths.

Bone marrow - Bursa of Fabricius - Lymph node - Site of Microbial Infection

What is the correct order in lymphocyte circulation in birds?

Fibroreticular cells

High endothelial venules are conduits for the rapid transmission of signaling molecules, what cells surround them make them such?

No effect or Minor effects

In secondary lymphoid organs, what is the effect of removal of the lymphoid organ?

All of the above

Peyer’s patches vary among animals. Which of the following animals has 90 to 80% of PP found in the ileum.

Microbiota don't play a vital role in resistance to invasion.

All are true about Physical barriers, except?

lag period longer, the amount of antibodies rises to a short level

In antibody-mediated immunity, the primary immune response is characterized by;

Alternative

What pathway accounts to 80-90%

C3b

In the amplification pathway of the complement activation pathway. What key component amplifies the pathway?

 C3a and C5a

What proteins are considered anaphylatoxins

Basically, it stabilizes the alternative pathway

Function of properdin

class 1a

All types of MHC Class I are low polymorphic except (1a, class 1b, 1c and 1d) 

integration of innate and adaptive signals to decide if initiation of an immune response or an effector program is appropriate following specific antigen recognition.

Importance of immunological synapse

yes

Is the number of loci directly proportional to the risk of disease

reversion

Risks of inactivated vaccines except.

Type 4

WHat category of vaccines are polynucleotides

DEPOT

What type of adjuvant is aluminum hydroxide?

Immunostimulatory

Type of adjuvants that enhance antigen presentation

ATTENUATED

A type of vaccine for low risk animals for a certain disease

TRUE

True or False. Is IMHA a vaccine-induced disease

antigen binding

Function of the hinge region of BCR

Light chain for antigen binding while heavy chain for structural support and signal

How do you properly describe light and heavy chains of BCRs

All are cells in type 1 immunity except

CR1

What complement protein is deficient in systemic lupus erythematosus

 1 and 2

____ produced pro-inflammatory cytokines, while ____ produced anti-inflammatory cytokines

Th1 cells, a subset of T lymphocytes, play a central role in orchestrating the immune response against fungi. They activate macrophages, enhance epidermal barrier function, and promote direct cytotoxic effects on fungal cells

Why is cell-mediated immunity the main defense against fungi

elephant

endotheliochorial animal (giraffe, elephant, lion and rat)

IgE and IgG

Immunoglobulins involved in immune elimination

Dark zone

Zone of germinal centers where B cells multiply

complement

Function of MHC III

Type 1

What type of immunity is a dog experiencing allergy

Epithelial

What is the antigen-presenting cell for

Antigenic Drift

Point mutation is also called

CD40-CD154 signaling, CD28/CD86 signaling, CTLA-4

Sequence for co-stimulation of T cells

It can only be classified strictly as  primary, secondary and tertiary

All are true about lymphoid organs except?

None of the above

1. Choose the incorrect pair of B cells and their site of maturation for the different animals.

   1. Parrot: Bursa of Fabricius

   2. Hamsters: bone marrow

   3. Calf: intestinal lymphoid tissue

   4. Vet Med Student: Bone Marrow

Bloodstream - Blood vessels in tissue - afferent lymphatics - efferent lymphatics - tissue fluid

What is the correct order of T cells in the 2nd route of lymphocyte circulation?

SWC3, SWC9

In pig leukocytes, ____ is expressed only on true macrophages, meanwhile, ____ is found in monocytes and macrophages.

helper t cell, cytotoxic t cell

CD4+ ____ is while CD8+ is ___

a. IL-1a is responsible for sickness behavior

1. All are TRUE except 

   a. IL-1a is responsible for sickness behavior

   b. IL-1a acts only on target cells that come in direct contact with macrophages

   c. IL-1B acts on the brain to cause fever and malaise

   d. IL-1B also acts on hepatocytes

III - I - II - V - IV

1. Arrange the following.

   I. Neutrophils will express Leukocyte function associated antigen-1

   II. LFA-1 binds strongly to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM) expressed on inflamed cells

   III. PAF secreted by endothelial cells activated the rolling neutrophils

   IV. Adherent neutrophils secrete elastase which removes CD43 (leukosalin)

   V. Binding allows neutrophils to a complete stop and attach firmly to the vessel wall

False

True or False. MHC is directly proportional to risk of disease something 

C. Type III

What interferon are found in epithelial cells such as those mucosal

1. Type I

2. Type II

3. Type III

4. All of the above

A. Type I

What interferon are produced after viral invasion

1. Type I 

2. Type II

3. Type III

4. All of the above

provide prolonged immunity

Best describes active immunization

Heat Shock Protein

Bacterial shit, stressed condition, protein denature, disrupt normal cellular functions.

Toxoid

Lost ability to cause disease, stimulate ability production of antibodies.

Delivery system

Adjuvant enhanced the presentation of antigens to the immune system.

Optional vaccine

Vaccine related; something about not a necessity? Even without a schedule??? 

D. Malaise

What is the not inappropriate adverse effect of vaccination

A. Granuloma 

B. Anaphylaxis 

C. Fibrolosis 

D. Malaise

What is not a cause of vaccination failure? 

Depot

What type of Adjuvant is Ammonium Hydroxide?

What Adjuvant where antigen is enhance?

Type I

ni eat Ang dog ug kanang allergic siya unsa na type of immune response iyaha 

Allergens, antibodies

Unsa Ang APC sa number 66

Tissue-resident Memory T-cells

What memory T cell invades tissues and fights pathogen in body surfaces

M cells - specialized cells involved in antigen transportation; Paneth cells - specialized intestinal cells that express TLRs

about m cells and paneth cells

Inductive site - sites where antigens are processed and immune responses are initiated; Effector site - sites where antibodies and cell-mediated responses are generated

About effector, inductive

FALSE

Colostrum can cause diseases.

 Light chains - aids in the formation of the antigen-binding site, Heavy chains - determine the antibody’s class, play a role in the effector functions

Naa to question about Light chain, Heavy chain

constant region changes, variable region stays the same

What happens to B cell during class switching

Adjuvant enhance ApC _____

Category IV

category: polynucleutide vaccine

category: molecular gene technique, irreversibly attenuated

IgA

Immunoglobulin found in cervicovaginal

helper t cell, cytotoxic t cell

CD4+ is ____ while CD8+ is ____.

Which pathway involves chlorosomes

spleen

All are secondary organs, except;

a Spleen

b Lymph Nodes

c Bone marrow

 

Single (Paraproteins?), daghan

Myeloma produces ____ something while polyclonal

Th1 (Type 1)

Salmonella enterica

Th2 (Type 2)

Ascaris suum

ingestion failure

mothering problems

production failure

Overmilked

C5a inhibit blood coagulation and enhance fibrinolysis

What doesn't describe the complement system 

MHC Class II

There was a question about tolerosomes related with MHC classes like unsa ila na MHC class

Type 2 alveolar cells

Type of alveolar cells that produce surfactant. 

Katong naa 1a and 1b domain chuchu sa first page na question 

 Hinge function?

Recognition, binding, cleavage, opsonization

Correct order on how immune system neutralize pathogens

avoiding apoptosis

Unsay pag develop ni naive B cells into memory cell 

Cd154-cd40, cd28-cd86/80, CTLA4

Correct immunological synapse order

false

True or False. MHC number of loci is proportional to to disease?

IgA

Secreted into mucous, saliva, tears, colostrum. Tags pathogen for destruction and can be found in milk

IgD

Their function is still not well known to science but it is said to be a B-cell receptor and stimulates the release of IgM

IgE

Binds to mast cells and basophils. Allergy and anti-parasitic activity

IgG

Binds to phagocytes. Main blood antibody for secondary responses. Crosses placenta

IgM

Fixes complement. Main antibody of primary responses. B-cell receptor. Immune system memory

type I

Hypersensitivity that’s immediate and reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.

type II

Hypersensitivity that’s autoimmune and cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.

type III

Hypersensitivity that’s autoimmune but more on tissue and reaction mediated by immune complexes.