infection control exam for CMA

Acute infection

An infection that develops suddenly and lasts for a short period of time (treatable)

Aerobe

A microorganism that needs oxygen to live and grow

Anerobe

A microorganism that grows best in the absence of oxygen

Antiseptic

An agent that inhibits the growth of or kills microorganism

Blood-borne pathogens

Pathogenic microorganism in human blood that can cause disease in humans 

Chronic infection

An infection that develops slowly and may worsen over an extended period of time.  (more than 3 months no recovery)

Cillia

Slender hairlike projections attached to the epithelium of the respiratory tract that constantly beat in wave like motion to remove pathogens from the body.

Contaminated

The presents or reasonably anticipated presence of blood or OPIM on an item or surface 

Cleaning

the removal of visable soil from objective and surface 

Growth requirements of M/O

Temperature, moisture, darkness , Oxygen presence and absence 

Infection

invasion of microorganisms that succeeded in breaking the protective mechanisms

Stages of infectious disease

1) incubcution ( the time from exposure to infectious agent)

2) Prodromal 

3)illness

4)decline ( symptoms are slowly disappearing) 

5) convalescence ( you are recovered) 

Endemic

within people (spefic region )

Pandemic

throught the world

Epidemic

starting to spread throught

Medical asepsis

preventing the spreading of disease ( practiesse that employes to reduce the spreadof pathogens 

Chain of infection transmission

1) Infectious( agent) - clean surfaces after agent

2) reservoir (host)- washing hands

3)portal of exit- cover an opening

4) made of transmission- direct contact with an infected person ( avoid)

5) portal of entry- any entry for the host 

6)susceptible host- one is capable of being infected (young,old) more vulnerable immune system 

Protective mechanism of the body

1)skin

2) moucous membrane

3) cilia

4)tears,sweat

5) urine/vaginal secretiuins

6) stomocach secretes hydrochionic acid 

Needlestick safety and prevention act

revision to bloodbirne pathogens standards,high frequency of needleskicks injures among health care workers 

Occuptional exposure

reasonaly anticipated skin,eye,mucous membrane ,or porental contact with blood or OPIM

Route of transmission 

1)Blood-borne

2)Airborne 

3) Waterborne

4)Fodborne

Decontamineted /tion

the use of physical or chemical means to remove pathogens on a surface

Nonintact skin

skin that has a break in surface

Control measures

1)engineering controls

2)safe medical devices

3) work practice contarcts

4) Housekeeping

Sanitization 

a process that removes organic material and reduces the number of microorganism to safe level

Spore

A dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria to ensure their survival during adverse environmental conditions.

Sterilization ( what we want)

process destroying all forms of microbioal life including spores

Microorganisms

living organisms that are invisable to the eye

Types of MO

bacterial,virus,fungi and parasites

Pathogenic

cause disease

Nonpathogenic

doesn’t cause disease

Bacteria comes in 3 shapes what are they?

1) round - COCCUS

2) spirlus-SPRILAL

3) bacillus-ROD

VIRUSES 

smallest living organisms 

Normal / Resident flora 

describes microorganism that live with humans and nonpathogentic

Transient flora

microorganism that reside on superficial skin layers and are picked up in the course of daily activities 

Autotroph

An organism that produces its own food (often using light or chemical energy) from inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide and water.

Heterotroph

An organism that obtains its energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matte