Biology and Stress: Key Concepts Overview

A collection of flashcards capturing critical vocabulary and concepts related to biology, stress, and coping mechanisms for an upcoming exam.

Prenatal period

The time before a baby is born, during which gestation occurs.

Gestation

The amount of time a baby spends in the womb before birth.

Preterm birth

Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, often leading to low birth weight.

Teratogens

Toxins and drugs that can adversely affect fetal development.

Miscarriage

Occurs when the fetus detaches from the uterus before it can survive.

Hormones

Chemical substances produced in the body that regulate various functions, including growth.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system that processes information and coordinates actions.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that transmits information to the entire body through nerves.

Endocrine system

A system that uses hormones to control the body's metabolism, growth, and mood.

Insulin

A hormone that regulates glucose uptake in the body.

Diabetes mellitus

A condition where the body cannot produce enough insulin.

Alveoli

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Aerobic respiration

A metabolic pathway that requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

Coping

Any effort to manage external or internal demands.

Self-regulation model

Concept that identifies how individuals process and respond to illness.

Cognitive appraisal

A psychological model focusing on how individuals evaluate stressors.

Allostatic load

The cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress on the body.

Microaggressions

Everyday insults or dismissals rooted in stereotypes and biases.

Acculturation

The process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group.

Social support

The perception and reality of being cared for, valued, and part of a supportive social network.

Physiological measures

Physical assessments used to evaluate stress responses.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

An anxiety disorder that can occur after experiencing a traumatic event.