SLT; imitation, identification, vicarious reinforcement, Mediational processes and Bandura

SLT - core assumptions

SLT explains behaviour through observation and imitation of the role models. Learning occurs indirectly, not just through conditioning, and involves both environmental and cognitive factors.

Identification

Identification occurs when an individual adopts a behaviour because they identify with the role model, who is often, similar, attractive, or high-status

Vicarious reinforcement

Vicarious reinforcement happens when learning occurs by observing the consequences of another’s behaviour. If a model is rewarded, the observer is more likely to imitate; if punished, less likely

Mediational processes

Mediational processes are cognitive factors between stimulus and response that determine whether behaviour is imitated:

Attention (noticing behaviour)

Retention (remembering behaviour)

Reproduction (ability to perform behaviour)

Motivation (desire to perform behaviour)

Banduras research

In the Bobo Doll study, children observed adults behaving aggressively or non-aggressively towards a doll. Children imitated when they saw it rewarded, showing that behaviour can be learned through observation and vicarious reinforcement

Strengths and weaknesses of SLT

Strengths:

Explains complex behaviours, considers cognitive factors, supported by Bandura’s research

Weaknesses:

Underestimates biological influences, lab studied may lack ecological validity