The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland and Hormones

These flashcards cover key concepts about the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and various hormones related to the endocrine system.

What is the function of the hypothalamus in relation to hormones?

The hypothalamus produces hormones that help many glands function.

What are the two hormones stored in the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

What is the technical term for the anterior pituitary gland?

Adenohypophysis.

What hormone does the adenohypophysis produce that is responsible for overall growth?

Growth hormone (GH).

What are the effects of overproduction of growth hormone in children?

Gigantism, characterized by excessive growth.

What condition results from underproduction of growth hormone in children?

Pituitary dwarfism.

What hormone does ACTH stimulate the release of, and from where?

It stimulates the release of glucocorticoids, especially cortisol, from the Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex.

What are the symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome?

Dramatic weight gain, 'moon face', excessive sweating.

What targets the ovaries and testes and stimulates ovulation in females?

Leutinizing hormone (LH).

What are the two main thyroid hormones?

T3 and T4.

What role does calcitonin play in calcium metabolism?

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

What hormone do the parathyroid glands produce, and what is its function?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which increases calcium levels in the blood.

What is the function of aldosterone?

Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the kidneys.

What is the main hormone produced by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Epinephrine (adrenaline).

What hormone is produced by the pancreas and raises blood sugar levels?

Glucagon.

What is the primary male sex hormone and its functions?

Testosterone; it is responsible for male primary and secondary sexual characteristics.

What hormone produced by the ovaries prepares the uterus for implantation?

Estrogen.

What hormone produced by the pineal gland regulates sleep?

Melatonin.

What are the hormones produced by the thymus involved in?

Thymosin and thymopoietin are involved in various immune system functions.