Mental Health Ch. 24, ATI 17, Neurocognitive disorders

The nurse is talking with a woman who is worried that her mother has Alzheimer disease. The nurse knows that the first sign of dementia is

a. disorientation to person, place, or time.

b. memory loss that is more than ordinary forgetfulness.

c. inability to perform self-care tasks without assistance.

d. variable with different people.

b. memory loss that is more than ordinary forgetfulness

The nurse has been teaching a caregiver about donepezil (Aricept). The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when the caregiver makes which statement?

a. "Let's hope this medication will stop the Alzheimer disease from progressing any further."

b. "It is important to take this medication on an empty stomach."

c. "I'll be eager to see if this medication makes any improvement in concentration."

d. "This medication will slow the progress of Alzheimer disease temporarily."

d. "This medication will slow the progress of Alzheimer disease temporarily."

When teaching a client about memantine (Namenda), the nurse will include which information?

a. Lab tests to monitor the client's liver function are needed.

b. Namenda can cause elevated blood pressure.

c. Taking Namenda will improve the client's cognitive functioning.

d. The most common side effect of Namenda is gastrointestinal bleeding.

a. Lab tests to monitor the client's liver function are needed.

Which statement by the caregiver of a client newly diagnosed with dementia requires further intervention by the nurse?

a. "I will remind Mother of things she has forgotten."

b. "I will keep Mother busy with favorite activities as long as she can participate."

c. "I will try to find new and different things to do every day."

d. "I will encourage Mother to talk about her friends and family."

c. "I will try to find new and different things to do every day."

A client with delirium is attempting to remove the IV tubing from his arm, saying to the nurse, "Get off me! Go away!" What is the client experiencing?

a. Delusions

b. Hallucinations

c. Illusions

d. Disorientation

b. Hallucinations

Which statement indicates the caregiver's accurate knowledge about the needs of a parent at the onset of the moderate stage of dementia?

a. "I need to give my parent a bath at the same time every day."

b. "I need to postpone any vacations for 5 years."

c. "I need to spend time with my parent doing things we both enjoy."

d. "I need to stay with my parent 24 hours a day for supervision."

c. "I need to spend time with my parent doing things we both enjoy."

Which of the following interventions is most appropriate in helping a client with early-stage dementia complete ADLs?

a. Allow enough time for the client to complete ADLs as independently as possible.

b. Provide the client with a written list of all the steps needed to complete ADLs.

c. Plan to provide step-by-step prompting to complete the ADLs.

d. Tell the client to finish ADLs before breakfast or the nursing assistant will do them.

a. Allow enough time for the client to complete ADLs as independently as possible.

A client with late moderate-stage dementia has been admitted to a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention will help the client maintain optimal cognitive function?

a. Discuss pictures of children and grandchildren with the client.

b. Do word games or crossword puzzles with the client.

c. Provide the client with a written list of daily activities.

d. Watch and discuss the evening news with the client.

a. Discuss pictures of children and grandchildren with the client.

When assessing a client with delirium, the nurse will expect to see

a. aphasia.

b. confusion.

c. impaired level of consciousness.

d. long-term memory impairment.

e. mood fluctuations.

f. rapid onset of symptoms.

b, c, f

Interventions for clients with dementia that follow the psychosocial model of care include

a. asking the clients about the places where they were born.

b. correcting the any misperceptions or delusion.

c. finding activities that engage the clients' attention.

d. introducing new topics of discussion at dinner.

e. processing behavioral problems to improve coping skills.

f. providing unrelated distractions when clients are agitated.

a, c, f

A nurse is performing an admission assessment for a client who has delirium related to and acute urinary tract infection. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. History of gradual memory loss

B. family report of personality changes

C. Hallucinations

D. Unaltered level of consciousness

E. Restlessness

B, C, E

A nurse is caring for a client who has early stage Alzheimers disease and a new prescription for donepezil. The nurse should include which of the following in the teaching?

A. "you should avoid taking over-the-counter acetaminophen"

B. "you should take this medication before going to bed at the end of the day."

C. "you will be screened for underlying kidney disease prior to starting donepezil"

D. "you should stop taking donepezil if you experience nausea or diarrhea."

B. "you should take this medication before going to bed at the end of the day."

A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for a client who has major neurocognitive disorder and attempts to wander out of the building. The client states "I have to get home." Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A. "you have forgotten that this is your home."

B. "you cannot go outside without a staff member."

C. "Why would you want to leave? aren't you happy with your care?"

D. "I am your nurse, let's walk to your room together."

D. "I am your nurse, let's walk to your room together."

A home health nurse is making a visit to a client who has alzheimer's disease to assess the home for safety. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse make to decrease the clients risk for injury?

A. instal extra locks on the top of exit doors

B. place rugs over electrical cords

C. put cleaning supplies on the top shelf

D. place clients mattress on floor

E. install light fixtures above stairs

A, D, E

A nurse is making a home visit to a client who is in the late stage of Alzheimer's disease. The client's partner, who is the primary caregiver, wishes to discuss concerns about the client's nutrition and the stress of providing care. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. verify that a current power of attorney document is on file

B. instruct the client's partner to offer finger foods to increase oral intake

C. Provide information on resources for respite care

D. Schedule the client for placement of an enteral feeding tube

C. provide information on resources for respite care

A patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease asks the nurse about early symptoms

of the disease. Which symptom would the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Tremors at rest

B. Difficulty swallowing

C. Incontinence of urine

D. Severe memory loss

A. Tremors at rest

A nurse is caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease who reports difficulty walking, a tremor in the right hand, and episodes of feeling lightheaded when standing up. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

A. Teach the patient to rise slowly from a seated position.

B. Encourage the patient to use a walker to assist with mobility.

C. Administer the prescribed dose of levodopa/carbidopa.

D. Recommend the patient increase fluid and fiber intake.

A. Teach the patient to rise slowly from a seated position.

A nurse is providing teaching to a patient's daughter following a recent diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. What statement indicates the need for further teaching?

A. "Alzheimer's is a progressive disease, and my moms symptoms will get worse."

B. "My mom will have an increased risk of developing respiratory illnesses."

C. "Lecanemab will cure my mom's Alzheimer's."

D. "My mom may start to wander."

C. "Lecanemab will cure my mom's Alzheimer's."

What is the type of non-pharmacologic intervention used in Alzheimer's patients in which small groups engage in cognitive based tasks and activities in a social setting?

A. Reminiscence therapy

B. Validation therapy

C. Reality orientation

D. Cognitive stimulation therapy

D. Cognitive stimulation therapy

A client is diagnosed with Huntington's disease and asks the nurse about the condition. Which statement by the client indicates an accurate understanding of the disease?

A. "Huntington's disease is caused by an infection that affects the brain and spinal cord."

B. "This is a progressive disease caused by an inherited genetic mutation."

C. "Treatment can cure Huntington's disease if it is diagnosed early."

D. "Symptoms typically improve over time with proper medication."

B. "This is a progressive disease caused by an inherited genetic mutation."

A client with Huntington's disease presents with difficulty swallowing, involuntary movements, and impaired cognitive function. Which priority nursing intervention should the nurse implement?

A. Encourage the client to ambulate without assistance to maintain independence.

B. Educate the client and family about genetic counseling for future children.

C. Provide soft or pureed foods to prevent aspiration during meals.

D. Administer medications to reverse the progression of the disease.

C. Provide soft or pureed foods to prevent aspiration during meals.

1. Selecting all of the following can cause delirium?

A. Polypharmacy

B. Withdrawal

C. Mild Anxiety

D. Toxicity

A, B, D

True or false: Delirium diagnosis is based on the fact it is caused by another factor, whether it be medical, substance, or abnormal homeostasis.

true