Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the formation, classification, and characteristics of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

What defines clastic sedimentary rocks?

Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of material transported as solid fragments, which are then cemented together by minerals.

What is the first step in the formation of clastic sedimentary rocks?

Weathering, which is the breakdown of rock into fragments without movement.

How does chemical sedimentary rock differ from biochemical sedimentary rock?

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from inorganic processes, while biochemical sedimentary rocks involve biological processes that convert ions into sediment.

What process converts sediments into sedimentary rock?

Lithification, which involves compaction and cementation of sediments.

What is the protolith in metamorphic rocks?

The original rock that undergoes metamorphism.

What factors control metamorphism?

1. Mineral composition of the parent rock, 2. Temperature, 3. Type of pressure, 4. Presence of fluids, and 5. Time.

What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?

Foliation is the alignment of minerals in a rock, created under pressure that is not equal in all directions.

What type of rock is marble?

Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock made mostly of recrystallized calcite or dolomite.

What are the four classes of sedimentary rocks?

1. Clastic 2. Chemical 3. Biochemical 4. Organic.

What is the process by which chemical sedimentary rocks form?

They form from precipitated material that was once dissolved in a solution.