Muscle Sytem

Anatomy & Physiology

List some possible functions:

• Generating body heat

• Chewing

• Heart pumping blood around the body

• Defecation, pushing solid waste from the body

• Etc.

How do muscles produce movement in the human body?

They have to attach to the bones (but not directly)

What allows muscle to be attached to bones?

Tendons

Tendons

A strong, connective tissue cord that attaches bone to muscle

Tendons have ____ layers.

3

Where is the first layer found?

Wrapping of the individual muscle cell

Where is the second layer found?

Connective tissue wrapping of bundles in the muscle

Where is the third layer found?

Wrapping around the ENTIRE muscle

Endomysium

Individual muscle cells are wrapped in a connective tissue layer

What are groups of muscle cells called?

Fascicles (Wrapped by perimysium)

What does aponeurosis (tendon) look like?

A broad, flat, sheet of tendon

Linea is the narrow ____/____ of tendon.

Cord/band

Ligament is…

A tendinous band

Galea Aponeurosis (NEED TO KNOW)

A broad, flat, sheet of tendon on the top of the HEAD

Abdominal Aponeurosis (NEED TO KNOW)

A braod, flat sheet of tendon on the ABDOMEN

Lumbosacral Fascia (NEED TO KNOW)

A large triangular sheet of fascia (tendon on the DORSAL TRUNK

Iliotibial tract (NEED TO KNOW)

A band of tendon on the LATERAL THIGH area from the ILIAC CREST to the LATERAL TIBIAL CONDYLE

Linea Alba (NEED TO KNOW)

A narrow band of tendon that extends from the XIPHOID PROCESS to the SYMPHYSIS PUBIS

Inguinal Ligament (NEED TO KNOW)

A tendinous band extending from the ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE to the PUBIC BONE

How many points of attachments should the muscle have to the bone?

At least 2

How do the muscles get attached to the bones?

Either by tendons or fleshy connections

The muscle must cross at least one joint to create ______.

Movement

Muscles (shorten/extend) as they contract.

Shorten

Muscles only (push/pull).

Pull

Muscles work in antagonistic pairs. What are they?

Muscles with opposite actions across a joint

Muscle ________ ultimately go in the direction of the pull.

Fibers or tendons

Flexors are on the ______ surface.

Ventral

Extensors are on the ___ surface.

Dorsal

What do muscles shape?

The bones (Wolff’s Law)

Muscles must cross ONE joint are ____ and are for POWER AND STABILITY.

Deep

Muscles that cross MANY JOINTS are _______ and are for SPEED AND AGILITY.

Superficial

Muscles for SPEED have _____ fibers.

Parallel (downhill)

Muscles for POWER have fibers that run _____ at an angle to the length.

Diagonal (Like a snow-plow)

Small muscles create _____ movement.

Subtle

Big muscles create _____ movement.

Gross

Muscles are names after a a variety of reasons and each name helps to remember something about each muscle.

• Size

• Shape

• Direction of fibers

• Function/Action

• Origin/Insertion

• Combination

Names based on certain criteria:

• Relative size of the muscle

• Basic shape

• Direction of the muscles fibers

• Where the muscles are found

• Number of origins (heads)

• The location of the origin and insertion

• Action of the muscle

Shapes of the muscles:

• Fusiform

• Parallel

• Triangular

• Unipennate

• Bipennate

• Multipennate

• Circular