ANFS251: Proteins

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49 Terms

1

Protein

large chains of amino acids, highest concentration of nutrients in animals

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2

Insoluble Protein Locations

feathers, hair, wool, hooves

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3

Soluble Proteins

plasma globins

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4

Amino Acid Structure

amino and carboxy group on carbon skeleton

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5

Amino Acid

building block of proteins

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6

Protein Properties Source

amino acid sequence and links to other compounds

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7

Iron and Protein

hemoglobin

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8

Phosphorus and Protein

casein

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9

Carbohydrates and Protein

glucoproteins

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10

Lipids and Protein

lipoproteins

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11

Protein Synthesis Control

DNA controls order of amino acids

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12

Amino Acid Supplies

originates from diet or from digestive processes

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13

Number of Amino Acids

20 amino acids in plant and animal proteins

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14

Plant Amino Acid Production

can be fully synthesized from inorganic nitrogen

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15

Essential Amino Acid

non dispensable, animals cannot produce in adequate amounts

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16

Nonessential Amino Acid

dispensable, animals can produce adequate amounts

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17

Likely Limiting Amino Acids

lysine, methionine, tryptophan

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18

Cereal Grain Amino Acids

very low in most, may need to supplement

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19

First Limiting Amino Acid

the amino acid that is present in the least amount, halts protein synthesis

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20

Amino Acid Supplements

from protein feed sources or straight amino acids, economic considerations

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21

Ruminant Amino Acid Requirements

different dietary requirements, microbes are utilized as microbial protein

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22

Microbe Protein Production

microbes can reproduce with a nitrogen source, no protein required

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23

Animal Protein

higher quality, milk and fish products

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24

Plant Protein

oilseed meal, soybean meal

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25

Highest Quality Protein

animal protein, sources are more closely matched to animal requirements

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26

Protein Digestibility

75-80% digestible

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27

Stomach Protein Digestion Enzymes

pepsin, trypsin, peptidase

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28

Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor

can affect protein utilization by blocking trypsin

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29

Pepsin Digestive Function

protein to polypeptides

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30

Tryptsin Digestive Function

polypeptide to peptide

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31

Peptidase Digestive Function

peptide to amino acids

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32

Biological Value

portion of amino acids retained by an animal

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33

Biological Value Factors

efficiency of digestive processes, feed efficiency, requirement for amino acids

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34

Amino Acid Absorption

absorbed in anterior small intestine, affects biological value

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35

Protein Efficiency Ratio

grams or body weight gain per unit protein

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36

Net Protein Value

efficiency of growth between testing protein and a protein free diet

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37

Net Protein Value Factor

comparing body nitrogen uptake

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38

Net Protein Value Calculation

digestibility of protein multiplied by biological value

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39

Blending Diets

helps obtain amino acid balance, associative effect from content differences

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40

Excess Amino Acids

absorbed amino acids can be utilized to energy

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41

Protein Biological Value Compared

animal > bacterial > plant

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42

Amino Acid Requirements

highest in young growing animals, decreases as growth decreases, lowest during maintenance

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43

Increased Amino Acid Requirement Condition

pregnancy, lactation, egg production

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44

Dietary Protein Defeciency

one or more limiting amino acids, inadequate dietary protein levels

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45

Signs of Protein Deficiency

poor growth rate, reduced nitrogen retention, poor utilization and lowered consumption of feed, lowered birth weights, higher infant mortality, reduced production, infertility

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46

Blood Urea Nitrogen

can be used to assess protein status

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47

Lysine Deficiency Sign

white barring of primary flight feathers in black turkeys

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48

Excess Protein

no adverse effects short term

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49

Excess Protein Issue

when giving non protein nitrogen to monogastrics

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