ANFS251: Proteins

Protein

large chains of amino acids, highest concentration of nutrients in animals

Insoluble Protein Locations

feathers, hair, wool, hooves

Soluble Proteins

plasma globins

Amino Acid Structure

amino and carboxy group on carbon skeleton

Amino Acid

building block of proteins

Protein Properties Source

amino acid sequence and links to other compounds

Iron and Protein

hemoglobin

Phosphorus and Protein

casein

Carbohydrates and Protein

glucoproteins

Lipids and Protein

lipoproteins

Protein Synthesis Control

DNA controls order of amino acids

Amino Acid Supplies

originates from diet or from digestive processes

Number of Amino Acids

20 amino acids in plant and animal proteins

Plant Amino Acid Production

can be fully synthesized from inorganic nitrogen

Essential Amino Acid

non dispensable, animals cannot produce in adequate amounts

Nonessential Amino Acid

dispensable, animals can produce adequate amounts

Likely Limiting Amino Acids

lysine, methionine, tryptophan

Cereal Grain Amino Acids

very low in most, may need to supplement

First Limiting Amino Acid

the amino acid that is present in the least amount, halts protein synthesis

Amino Acid Supplements

from protein feed sources or straight amino acids, economic considerations

Ruminant Amino Acid Requirements

different dietary requirements, microbes are utilized as microbial protein

Microbe Protein Production

microbes can reproduce with a nitrogen source, no protein required

Animal Protein

higher quality, milk and fish products

Plant Protein

oilseed meal, soybean meal

Highest Quality Protein

animal protein, sources are more closely matched to animal requirements

Protein Digestibility

75-80% digestible

Stomach Protein Digestion Enzymes

pepsin, trypsin, peptidase

Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor

can affect protein utilization by blocking trypsin

Pepsin Digestive Function

protein to polypeptides

Tryptsin Digestive Function

polypeptide to peptide

Peptidase Digestive Function

peptide to amino acids

Biological Value

portion of amino acids retained by an animal

Biological Value Factors

efficiency of digestive processes, feed efficiency, requirement for amino acids

Amino Acid Absorption

absorbed in anterior small intestine, affects biological value

Protein Efficiency Ratio

grams or body weight gain per unit protein

Net Protein Value

efficiency of growth between testing protein and a protein free diet

Net Protein Value Factor

comparing body nitrogen uptake

Net Protein Value Calculation

digestibility of protein multiplied by biological value

Blending Diets

helps obtain amino acid balance, associative effect from content differences

Excess Amino Acids

absorbed amino acids can be utilized to energy

Protein Biological Value Compared

animal > bacterial > plant

Amino Acid Requirements

highest in young growing animals, decreases as growth decreases, lowest during maintenance

Increased Amino Acid Requirement Condition

pregnancy, lactation, egg production

Dietary Protein Defeciency

one or more limiting amino acids, inadequate dietary protein levels

Signs of Protein Deficiency

poor growth rate, reduced nitrogen retention, poor utilization and lowered consumption of feed, lowered birth weights, higher infant mortality, reduced production, infertility

Blood Urea Nitrogen

can be used to assess protein status

Lysine Deficiency Sign

white barring of primary flight feathers in black turkeys

Excess Protein

no adverse effects short term

Excess Protein Issue

when giving non protein nitrogen to monogastrics