Matter

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily

homogeneous mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Solution

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
Particles are too small to be filtered, scatter light, and settle into layer.

Suspension

a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time

Colloid

A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out. Example: Fog

Physical Property

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing

Conductivity

The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object.

Malleability

the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering

Hardness

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

Density

Mass per unit volume

Filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points

Physical Changes

changes that alter a substance without changing its composition

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up

Chemical Property

A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances

Flammability

A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Pure Substance

A substance made of only one kind of matter and having definite properties.
Elements & Compounds

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds; can be broken down into simpler substances

Mixtures

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined; composition is not fixed

Reactivity

How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.

Chemical Change

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

Evidence of a Chemical Change

1. Color Change from within
2. Production of gas or odor
3. Change in Temperature
4. Production of light or sound
5. Formation of a precipitate

Examples of Elements

Carbon (C), Helium (He), Oxygen (O), Iron (Fe)

Examples of Compounds

carbon dioxide, alcohol, water, sugar, salt, baking soda

Examples of Mixtures

wood, air, gasoline, salt water, pizza, chicken soup, steel

Examples of Physical Changes

Melting butter, tearing paper, crushing a can, freezing water, dissolving Kool-Aid, cutting your hair.