Module 1 - UTS

Socrates

An Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living

Socrates

Suggest that reality consist of two dichotomous realms (physical and ideal)

Plato

The self is an immortal soul

Plato

Theory of forms (world of forms and world of sense)

Aristotle

The Soul Is The Essence Of The Self

Aristotle

Suggest that anything with life has a soul and soul is the essence of all living things/self

Aurelius Augustinus

The Self Has An Immortal Soul

Aurelius Augustinus

He believes that the body is radically different from the inferior to its inhabitant, the immortal soul

Aurelius Augustinus

In his work, confessions, humankind is created in the image and likeness of God

RENE DESCARTES

I Think Therefore I Am

RENE DESCARTES

according to him, the act of thinking about the self- of being self concious- is in itself proof that there is a self

RENE DESCARTES

Introduces two dimensions of the self: the thinking self (soul) and physical body

JOHN LOCKE

The Self Is Consciousness

JOHN LOCKE

posits that the human mind at birth is a tabula rasa or a blank state

JOHN LOCKE

says that personal identity is formed through senses: see, hear, smell, taste, touch

JOHN LOCKE

The power of reason and introspections enables one to understand and achieve accurate conclusion about the self (personal identity)

David Hume

There is no self

David Hume

Posits that what people experience is just a bundle or collection of different perception

Immanuel Kant

We construct the self

Immanuel Kant

Says that it is the self that makes experiencing an intelligible world possible because it is the self that is actively organizing and synthesizing all of our thoughts and perceptions

Immanuel kant

Through rationality, people are able to understand certain abstract ideas that have no corresponding physical object or sensory experience

Sigmund Freud

The self is multi-layered

Sigmund Freud

He holds that the self consists of three layers: conscious self, unconscious self, and preconscious self

Gilbert Ryle

The Self Is The Way People Behave

Gilbert Ryle

He believes that the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition of a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances

Gilbert Ryle

“I act therefore I am”

Paul Churchland

The self is the brain

Paul Churchland

advocates the idea of eliminative materialism or the idea that the self is inseparable from the brain and physiology of the body

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

The Self Is Embodied Subjectivity

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

Argues that all knowledge about the self is based on the phenomena of experience

MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY

consciousness is a dynamic form responsible for actively structuring conscious ideas and physical behavior

1 Thessalonians 5:23

Biblical Perspective of the Self