American Pageant Chapter 17 by Ashton Wong

What was Mexico's northernmost province that Americans wanted?

California

What did Mexicans regard Texas as?

Mexican province in revolt

Who was newly elected in 1841?

What would real leaders of the Whig party call him as a little more than an impressive figurehead?

President Harrison;

Old Tippecanoe

Who was secretary of state?

Who was the uncrowned king of the Whigs and their ablest spokesman in the Senate?

Daniel Webster;

Henry Clay

What illness did Harrison get?

How long would he have before his death in the White House?

pneumonia;

four weeks

Who would become president after Harrison?

What was his nickname?

John Tyler;

Tyler too

What was John Tyler's physical characteristics?

Where was he from?

six feet tall, slender, blue-eyed, fair-haired, classical features, high forehead;

Virginia

What party was John Tyler in favor of?

What political party was John Tyler at heart?

The Whigs;

Democrats

Where did harmony between Harrison and Tyler end?

the rhyming of their names "Tippecanoe" and "Tyler too"

How long did John Tyler serve as president?

204 weeks

What was the law that the Whig congress hastened to pass?

ending independent treasury system

What bill would be driven to establish a new Bank of the United States?

Who would pass it?

What was the result of it?

"Fiscal Bank";

Henry Clay;

Vetoed on practical and constitutional grounds

Who was known as "The Great Compromiser"?

Where were they from?

Henry Clay;

Kentucky

A drunken mob gathered late at night near the White House shouted what when Tyler vetoed the Fiscal Bank?

"Huzza for Clay!" "A Bank! A Bank!" "Down with the Veto"

After the "Fiscal Bank", what bill would the whig party try to pass next?

"Fiscal Corporation"

Whig extremists, seething with indignation, condemned Tyler as?

"His Accidency" and "Executive Ass"

The wave of influenza then sweeping the country was called what?

"Tyler grippe"

Who didn't resign in Tyler's cabinet?

Webster

When Chastened Clayites redrafted their tariff bill how much did they push down the rates on dutiable goods?

What was the Tariff called after Tyler signed it?

protective level of 1832 or 32 percent on dutiable goods;

TARIFF OF 1842

The Whig slogan, "Harrison, Two Dollars a Day and Roast Beef" was reduced by unhappy Democrats to?

"Ten Cents a Day and Bean Soup"

What books were avidly read on both sides of the Atlantic, and stirred up angry outbursts in America?

Travel Books by British travelers writing about horrors they saw

What arguments did American journals strike back with to the British after their attack on Yankees?

What did it just touch off of?

"you're another";

"Third War with England"

What British author, entered the fray with gall-dipped pens, for they were being denied rich royalties by the absence of an American copyright law?

Charles Dickens

Which English writer disillusioned by the failure of a utopian community she had joined in Tennessee, wrote scathingly of the Americans in 1832?

Frances Trollope

What was a famous phrase from the American tongue against Britain about how the well-heeled creditor is never popular with the down-at-heels debtor?

bloated British bond-holder

What would make several states default on their bonds or repudiate them?

Panic of 1837

In 1837, in what other country did a short-lived insurrection erupt?

Canada

What American steamer was carrying supplies to the insurgents across a river?

What river would it go across?

Where would it be attacked, and how?

How many were killed?

the CAROLINE;

Niagara River;

New York, the British on Canadian side set it on fire;

one

Which Canadian allegedly boasted in a tavern of his part in the Caroline raid?

What would save them from execution?

McLeod;

London Foreign Office and establishing an alibi

In 1841, British officials in the Bahamas offered asylum to Virginia slaves who had rebelled and captured an American ship - what was the name of that ship?

How many slaves were aboard it?

CREOLE;

130

When did Britain abolish slavery within its empire?

1833

What River by Maine was frozen several months of the year?

St. Lawrence River

Where did the British want to build a road as a defensive precaution against the Yankees?

Why couldn't they?

Halifax to Quebec;

The proposed route went through Maine territory

What was known as no-man's-land between Maine and Canada?

When entering the no-man's-land, there would be a small-scale lumberjack clash, what would it be dubbed?

Aroostook River Valley;

Aroostook War

Whom would the London Foreign Office send to negotiate about the border of Maine?

Who were they married to?

Who did he speedily establish cordial relations with?

Where would they meet?

Lord Ashburton;

Wealthy American Woman;

Secretary Webster;

Washington

How many square miles was the wilderness or no-man's-land?

How many were Americans able to retain?

How much land would the British surrender as a bonus?

What did the bonus land contain, and where?

12,000 sq miles;

7,000 sq miles;

6500 sq miles;

Mesabi iron ore of Minnesota

What would Mexico do if the American eagle should ever gather the fledgling republic (Texas) under its protective wings?

declare war

How many ineffective raids did Mexico make against Texas?

two

Who did Texans conclude treaties with in 1839 and 1840?

France, Holland, Belgium

Who was heavily interested in Texas remaining independent?

Britain and France

What did Southern Hotheads who assailed annexation of Texas cry?

"Texas or Disunion"

Who would lead Democrats under James K. Polk to finally triumph over the whigs?

Henry Clay

Why were antislavery Whigs fearful of Texas joining the Union?

Texas would nourish "slave power"

How did Tyler arrange annexation of Texas?

Through Joint Resolution instead of 2/3 vote

Who served as a brigadier general in the Texas Revolution and published a pamphlet in 1845 to make the cause for American support of an independent Texas?

Thomas J. Green

What was a powerful Mexican tribe that Texans had to worry about?

Comanche tribes

Americans were in a "lick all creation" mood when they sang what?

"Uncle Sam's Song to Miss Texas"

Oregon County was North of California to what line?

What four nations was it claimed by at one time or another?

54°40', present southern tip of Alaska panhandle;

Spain, Russia, Britain, U.S.

Who would be the first to claim Oregon?

Why would it barter its claims away and to whom?

Spain;

Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 to U.S.

When would Russia retreat to 54°40' line?

Treaties of 1824 and 1825

Where in Oregon were British claims strong?

What was the most important colonizing agency?

Whom was it trading with, and for what?

North of Columbia River;

Hudson's Bay Company;

Indians of Pacific Northwest for fur

Who stumbled upon the Columbia River in 1792?

How was the river named?

Captain Robert Gray;

After his ship

Where did missionaries that strengthen American toehold reach to?

Willamette River Valley

Where did the U.S. want to divide Oregon, and when?

What did the British regard the Columbia River as?

What scheme were the British trying to play on America?

49th parallel, Anglo-American Convention of 1818

St. Lawrence of the West;

peaceful "joint occupation"

What would it be called when Americans in Williamette Valley multiplied and seized hundreds of pioneers?

Oregon Fever

How many Americans settled south of the Columbia River by 1846?

5 thousand

How many people could British muster north of Columbia?

700

What was the issue of Oregon overshadowed by?

Annexation of Texas

What was the average rate of progress in covered wagons per hour, week, and months?

How many deaths a mile was estimated for men, women, and children?

one to two miles an hour, one hundred miles a week, and 5 months for the entire journey;

17

American's who settled south of Columbia river might have been labeled as?

"border ruffians" expert with bowie knife and "revolving pistol"

Who would be the presidential candidate in 1844?

What party did they support?

He was America's first "___" or "___" president

James K. Polk of Tennessee;

Democrat;

dark horse or surprise

What was Polk previously before president?

Who was he sponsored by and what was he another of?

Speaker of House for 4 yrs,

Governor of Tennessee for 2 terms;

Andrew Jackson, "Young Hickory"

What taunt did Whigs attempt to jeer Polk in?

"Who is James K. Polk?"

What was the expression of the mighty emotional upsurge in the campaign of 1844 that believed that God destined the American people for hemispheric career, allowing them to spread uplifting all over the continent?

Manifest Destiny

What did the democrats shout outbellowing the Whig logcabinites?

What would the slogan be coined to until two years later?

What slogans would the Whigs counter with?

"All of Oregon or None";

"Fifty-four forty or fight";

"Hooray for Clay"

What did the democrats condemn Clay as?

corrupt bargainer

What lie did Whigs spread about Polk?

Tennessee slaves seen on way to Southern Market branded with J.K.P.

How did Clay lose the presidential election of 1844?

Wrote series of confusing letters

What were the electoral votes in the electoral college of Polk and Clay?

What were the popular votes in the electoral college of Polk and Clay?

107 to 105;

1,338,464 to 1,300,097

How many votes did Clay lose from New York?

5,000

What party would New York support?

How many votes would it absorb?

Liberty party;

16,000

The picture that emerged in 1844 was not of mandate but of?

muddle

How many days before leaving office did Tyler sign the joint resolution to annex Texas?

3 days

What did one contemporary write about Polk?

"What he went for he fetched."

How long did it take Polk to complete his four-point plan?

less than 4 years

What were the physical features of Polk?

5 foot 8 inches, lean, white-haired, gray-eyed, stern-faced

Who was Polk's secretary of treasury that devised a tariff-for-revenue bill?

How much would the bill reduce the average rates of the Tariff of 1842?

What was the bill called?

Who would make loud complaints about it?

Robert J. Walker;

32 percent to 25 percent;

Walker Tariff;

Clayites

What was the second objective of Polk's plan?

restoration of the independent treasury

What were Polk's third and fourth points of his "must list"?

acquisition of California and the settlement of Oregon dispute

What was Polk's offer to Britain regarding Oregon?

compromise line of 49°

What was the name for British anti-expansionists?

"Little Englanders"

Why all of Texas but not all of Oregon?

Senator Benton of Missouri - "Great Britain is powerful and Mexico is weak"

What was another name for Manifest Destiny?

"Manifest desire"

What was widely regarded as America's future gateway to the pacific ocean that Polk's disciples had long coveted?

San Francisco

What was the population like in California?

13,000 Spanish Mexicans ; 75,000 Indians ; less than a thousand foreigners (Americans)

Through what game might Yankees bring California into the Union?

"playing the Texas game"

How much money did America claim against Mexico in damages to American citizens and property?

$3 million

What was founded as a Hudson's Bay Company fur-trading outpost but was handed over to Americans in 1846?

Fort Vancouver

What was the southwestern boundary of Texas during the era of Spanish Mexican occupation?

What were the expansive Texans claiming the southern boundary instead?

Nueces River;

Rio Grande

Under what doctrine could Americans not tolerate Britain buying California?

Monroe Doctrine

Who did Polk dispatch to Mexico City as minister late in 1845?

How much money was he to offer for the purchase of California?

John Slidell;

25 million

How many men did Polk order to march from the Nueces River to the Rio Grandes?

Which general led this march?

When would this happen?

4,000;

Zachary Taylor;

January 13, 1846

What would Polk ask Congress to declare war on the basis of?

when?

unpaid claims and Slidell's rejection;

May 9, 1846

When would Mexican troops attack General Taylor's men?

How many Americans were killed or wounded?

April 25, 1846;

16

What were requested information as to the precise "spot" on American soil where American blood had been shed?

Who would push this?

What would there nickname be after pushing this?

SPOT RESOLUTIONS;

Abraham Lincoln;

"spotty Lincoln" who could die of "spotted fever"

The Whigs branded president Polk as a liar, what would they call him?

"Polk the Mendacious"

Who would lament "Massachusetts, God forgive her, She's akneelin' with the rest"

James Russel Lowell

Who was exiled with his teenage bride in Cuba, who let it be known that if the American blockading squadron would permit him to slip into Mexico, he would sell out his country?

dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna

What was the Mexican word for Yankees?

Yanquis

Which General would lead a detachment of troops over the Santa Fe Trail?

How many men would he lead?

Where was the Santa Fe Trail from?

Stephen Kearny;

1700

Fort Leavenworth to Santa Fe