APAH: Icons, iconoclasts, pilgrims & Cathedrals

late antiquity

Late Christian Roman art

early Medieval Art

Insular art & northern EU, islands, small & portable

Romanesque

Relics & Pilgrimages, big scary dark churches

Gothic

Churches w/ rib vaults + lots of windows & light, stained glass, pilgrimages & relics

Chi Rho

first two letters of Christos in Greek -> monogram for Jesus

who was santa sabina ?

a wealthy roman woman who was martyred for her Christian beliefs in year 126 C.E. Santa Sabina was built in her honor w. her relics in there

Flat roof is

early Christian

Santa Sabina

Rome

Quartz windows = gypsum windows

flat roof

Catacomb of Priscilla

Rome, Italy

Late Antique Europe

200-400 CE

Excavated tufa and fresco

What is an Orant Figure in the Catacomb of Priscilla?

A subtle way of praying.

What are Loculi in the Catacomb of Priscilla?

Burial niches.

How is Christ referred to in the Catacomb of Priscilla without mentioning Jesus?

As a shepherd.

Is the Greek Chapel a greek chapel?

no

iconoclasts

destroyer of icons

iconophiles

lovers of icons

Byzantine Art

new Rome of the east

Aniconic

Islam forbids use of icons in any sacred context

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel

From Vienna Genesis

early byzantine EU

illuminated manuscript (tempura, gold, & silver on purple vellum)

continuous narrative

why was the OG copy of Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wrestling the Angel dyed purple?

It added $

Velum

animal skin transformed into sheets of "paper," usually cow skin

Is the byzantine empire medieval?

yes

Hagia Sophia

Constantinople

Anthemius of Tralles & Isidorus of Miletus

532-537 C.E.

Brick & ceremic w/ stone & mosaic

Domes

byzantine architecture,

Hagia Sophia dome term

floating dome, supported by pendentives on piers

Minarets

towers used to call muslims to prayer, every mosque has at least 1

pencil minarets

ottoman minarets

who was the Hagia Sophia commissioned by

Justinian 1 = the emperor of constantinople

San Vitale

Ravenna, Italy.

Early Byzantine Europe.

c. 526-547 C.E.

Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic.

did Justinian and theodora ever live in Ravenna italy?

no

was san vitale converted into a mosque

no

Justinian Mosaic, San Vitale

holds the paten (container of the bread),

Justinian was obsessed w/ chariot races

Shield w Chi Rho symbol

Nika Riots

fights from the Chariot races

F-F-F-G

flat, frontal, floating, Golden

intentional choices to make the mosaics more ethereal

Theodora Mosaic, San Vitale

Theodora, Justinian's queen, held a lot of power, and the mosaic reinforces her power through the brown robe, jewels, and halo. She holds a chalice of wine that will be consumed during the Eucharist. She is actually not inside San Vitale, she is just entering, showing that she is a little bit beneath the King.

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

Early Byzantine EU = Medieval

6th-early 7th century

Encaustic on wood

St. Catherine of Siena

longest monestary w iconoclasm

Encaustic

wax and pigment

why do the angels look scared in Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George?

bc God's hand is dipping down onto them

Lying with the Wolf

Kiki Smith.

2001 C.E.

Ink and pencil on paper.

includes feminist ideas by placement of "woman" in the natural world & slippery relationship between visual image and multiple references

Lying with the Wolf

What was lying with the Wolf inspired by

based on St. geneviene and little Red Riding Hood

Preying Mantra

Wangechi Mutu.

2006 C.E.

Mixed media on Mylar.

Why is it called Preying Mantra?

natural phenomenon of the praying mantis & how the female can eat her mate

How does the meaning being the title Preying Mantra connect to the intentions of Wangechi Mutu?

it connects w the African female body racist stereotypes of sexual, dangerous & deformed in west standards

photomontage

photographs w other elements used to mount an offensive against contemporary social, political & commercial culture

Merovinigian looped fibulae

Early medieval EU

mid 6th century C.E.

silver gilt worked in filgree w/ inlays of garnets & other stones

What was the function of the Merovinigian looped fibulae?

Clothing pins that were status symbols worn by Roman soldiers, had animal motifs of eagles

filigree

delicate liners in metal

cloissone

a technique that was popular in barbarian art.

Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St Luke incipit page

Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. 700 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigment, and gold)

The variety and splendor of the Lindisfarne Gospels are such that even in reproduction, its images astound. Artistic expression and inspired execution make this codex a high point of early medieval art.

St. Luke incipit page

opening words of each gospel

Lindisfarne

"The Holy Island" = small tidal island, an insular work

zoomorphic interlacing

animal style interlacing, mainly birds

Eadfrith

Creator of Lindisfarne Gospels: sat in a book-making space called a scriptorium watching birds & making the Lindisfarne gospels

Church of Sainte-Foy

Conques, France.

Romanesque Europe.

Church: c. 1050-1130 C.E.;

Reliquary of Saint Foy: ninth century C.E., with later additions. Stone (architecture);

stone and paint (tympanum);

gold, silver, gemstones, and

enamel over wood (reliquary).

Church of saint foy typanum

christ on top

left = damned

right = saved

bottom = purgatory

The church of saint foy Typanum used to be painted/ what was the imagery of the Typanum for?

to scare romans

Mandorla

full body nimbus that emphasized body of Christ, acted like a spotlight

Rounded portals are

romanesque

did the church of saint foy have circumbulatory chapels

yes

Sainte-Foy Reliquary

held the relics of a martyred 12 year old girl named "Faith" (foy in French) who was killed by the roman emperor Diocletian bc she shouldn't stop performing miracles

the cult of relics leads to

pilgrimages, church design and kitchen sink architecture

Bayeux Tapestry

Romanesque EU

1066-1080

Embroidery on linen