Ch. 38 & 39 Echinoderms, Invertebrate Chordates, and Fishes

Adult Echinoderms Symmetry

radial/pentaradial

Larval Echinoderms Symmetry

bilateral

skeleton in Echinoderms

endoskeleton

C. Crinodea

sea lilies and feather stars

C. Ophiurodea

Basket stars and brittle stars

C. Echinoidea

Sea urchins and sand dollars

C. Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers

C. Asteroidea

Sea Stars

carnivores

sea stars food

notochord

stiff, flexible rod near dorsal surface; becomes tissues between bones of adult mammal vertebral column

found in all chordates

1. Dorsal nerve cord 2. Pharyngeal pouches 3. Postanal tail

Urochordata

tunicates, sea squirts

Cephalochordata

lancelets

Unique about the sea star digestive system

2 stomachs, one can turn inside out

P. chordata

fish phylum

C. Chondrichthyes

cartilaginous fishes

buoyancy

regulated by internal gas control by using the swim bladder in bony fishes

placoid scales

small, tooth-like spines that make up a shark's skin

cartilaginous fishes

sharks, skates, rays, and ratfishes

operculum

A protective flap that covers the gills of fishes

anterior dorsal fin

Anterior single fin on the dorsal midline that keeps the fish upright and moving in a straight line

pectoral fin

a paired fin located on the side of a fish body just behind the head

claspers

pelvic fins of male sharks that transfers sperm into female

characteristics of all vertebrates

cranium, endoskeleton, vertebral column

lamprey and hagfishes

notochord remains throughout their life, no jaws - may be parasitic

body covering of bony fishes

overlapping scales

spawning

method of reproduction in fishes and some other animals where a large number of eggs are fertilized outside of the body

C. Myxini

hagfish

C. Cephalospidomorphii

lampreys

Lateral line

senses vibrations in the water

Chemoreception

detection of chemical stimuli, perceived as smell and taste

Skeleton of bony fishes

bone

Skeleton of cartilaginous fishes

cartilage

C. Sarcopterygii

lobe-finned fishes

C. Actinopterygii

ray-finned fishes

Pathway of food in bony fishes

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus

Number of chambers in a fish heart

2