TFN MIDTERMS WEEK 1

MARTHA E. ROGERS

-            Was born in Dallas, Texas, on May 12, 1914, the oldest of four children in the family.

YEAR	ACHIEVEMENT
1936	Received a nursing diploma from Knoxville General Hospital
1937	Completed BSN in Public Health Nursing at George Peabody College, Nashville
1954	Earned Master’s Degree in Public Health Nursing Supervision from Teachers College, Columbia University
1961	Published Educational Revolution in Nursing
1963	Edited a journal called Nursing Science
1964	Published Reveille in Nursing
1970	Introduced the Model of Human Interaction and the Nursing Process in Theoretical Basis of Nursing

MAY 12, 1914 IN DALLAS, TEXAS

Martha E. Rogers Date of Birth and Place of Birth

REVEILLE

-            It is a wake-up call – a military term that means a signal to wake up or rise for duty.

-            In nursing, a call to action or awakening in the nursing profession → encouraging nurses to rise, be more aware, engaged, and committed to their true purpose in caring and advocating for patients.

MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS

MAN IS A UNIFIED WHOLE

MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT ARE CONTINUOUSLY EXCHANGING MATTER

THE LIFE PROCESS EVOLVES IRREVERSIBLY

PATTERN AND ORGANIZATION IDENTIFY THE MAN

MAN IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE CAPACITY FOR ABSTRACTION AND IMAGERY

MAN IS A UNIFIED WHOLE

➔ A person is not just a collection of body parts or organs. You are more than your heart, lungs, or brain – you are a whole person with your own identity. Your thoughts, feelings, and actions make you unique, not just your physical parts.

➔ Ex. Even if two people have the same body structure, they are still different because of their personalities, beliefs, and experiences.

MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT ARE CONTINUOUSLY EXCHANGING MATTER

➔ You and your surroundings are always affecting each other. You take in energy from food, air, and people — and you also give off energy through your emotions, actions, and even your presence.

➔ Ex. When you're in a peaceful place, you feel calm. When you smile at someone, you can brighten their day — that’s an energy exchange.

THE LIFE PROCESS EVOLVES IRREVERSIBLY

➔ Life always moves forward — we cannot go back in time. Our growth, changes, and experiences keep moving in one direction, from past to future.

➔ Ex. A baby grows into a child, then a teen, then an adult. You can’t reverse the process or return to being a child.

PATTERN AND ORGANIZATION IDENTIFY THE MAN

➔ Each person has a unique pattern — like a fingerprint — shown in how they live, behave, and interact.

➔ Ex. Two nurses may do the same tasks, but the way each one communicates, comforts patients, and reacts in situations reflects their personal pattern.

MAN IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE CAPACITY OF ABSTRACTION AND IMAGERY

➔ People can think deeply, imagine, use language, feel emotions, and sense the world. These abilities make humans unique and allow them to create, learn, and grow.

➔ Ex. Unlike animals, humans can write poems, imagine the future, feel joy or sadness, and talk about their dreams and fears.

ENERGY FIELD

-            Fundamental unit of both living and nonliving.

-            The invisible “flow” that connects people and the environment.

-            Human field & Environmental Field.

-            Example:

o   You feel someone’s mood even without them talking — that’s energy!

UNIVERSE OF OPEN SYSTEMS

-            Refers to the idea that energy fields are open, infinite and interactive.

-            No boundaries between you and your environment.

-            Example:

o   You are always affected by what's happening around you — like how music can lift your mood.

PATTERN

-            Characteristics of an energy field and is perceived as a wave that change continuously.

-            Your personal “signature” or way of being.

-            Example:

o   Every patient has their own health story, lifestyle, and way of responding to care.

PANDIMENSIONALITY

-            “Pandy” means whole

-            “Mensio” means many

-            Refers to non-linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes.

-            There is more to life than just time and space — it includes feelings, dreams, spiritual aspects.

-            Example:

o   Healing might happen in a dream or through spiritual prayer, not just through medicine.

INTEGRALITY
RESONANCY
HELICY

PRINCIPLES OF HOMEODYNAMICS

INTEGRALITY

-            Refers to continuous and mutual interaction between human and environmental fields.

-            Humans and their environment are always connected and affecting each other.

-            Reciprocity and Synchrony.

-            This shows how your environment affects you, and your reactions also affect your environment.

-            Example:

o   Imagine you're in a peaceful garden. You feel relaxed.

o   Now imagine you're in a noisy, stressful hospital ER — you feel tense.

o   The nurse comforts the patient (environment affects human) → the patient feels better and smiles (human affects environment).

RESONANCY

-            Refers to continuously changing from lower frequency to higher wave patterns in the human and environmental field.

-            Refers to how energy patterns between a person and their environment are always changing, like waves, moving from simple to more complex patterns.

-            Example:

o   Think of a baby growing up.

o   At first, the baby’s actions are simple (crying, sleeping), but over time, the baby begins to crawl, walk, talk — their energy and behavior become more complex.

o   Over the days, the patient progresses from being very sick to slowly gaining strength.

HELICY

-            Nature of direction of change occurring in the energy fields.

-            Refers to continuously, probabilistic, increasing diversity of human and environmental.

-            The change in a person is unpredictable, ongoing, and always toward more diversity (variety).

-            Example:

o   Think of your life journey. Even if you wake up and go to school daily, each day is different. You meet new people, learn new things, and grow emotionally

o   Each day, the patient shows unexpected emotional and physical progress — sometimes slow, sometimes fast, always unique.

CONNECTING

Establish harmony and connection between body, mind, and spirit; enhance energy flow and awareness

Guided imagery, therapeutic touch, Reiki, music/color therapy, aromatherapy

CONVEYING

Stimulate and transmit energy through touch and pressure points

Acupressure, Reflexology

CONVERTING

Transform energy to improve function and purpose

Nutrition, herbal therapy, exercise, music/color therapy, purpose and meaning

CONSERVING

Preserve and restore energy, prevent depletion

Biofeedback, relaxation/meditation, breathing techniques, herbal therapy, sleep and rest

CLEARING

Remove blockages and restore energy flow

Music/color therapy, acupressure, aromatherapy, postural movement

COURSING

Circulate energy fluidly throughout the body

Yoga, massage, polarity therapy, exercise

DOROTHEA OREM

YEAR	ACHIEVEMENT
1949–1957	Orem worked on developing nursing curriculum and nursing practice
1958–1960	Worked at the Office of Education (US); created guidelines for developing curricula for nursing education
1960–1970	Served as Acting Dean
1971	Published Nursing: Concepts of Practice

SELF CARE

-            Performance or practice of an individual.

SELF CARE AGENCY

-            Individual’s ability or capability to perform self-care.

BASIC CONDITIONING FACTORS

-            How much self-care a person can do and what kind of care they need.

-            Example:

o   Age (A toddler needs help; an adult may be independent).

o   Development (A person with cognitive disabilities may need assistance).

THERAPEUTIC SELF CARE DEMAND

-            Totality of self-care.

-            The total amount of self-care actions needed to meet a person’s health-related needs.

-            Example:

o   A patient with a stroke may need assistance with bathing, eating, and medication.

SELF CARE DEFICIT

-            Nursing is needed.

-            The person (client or patient) cannot meet their own self-care needs, either partly or totally.

NURSING AGENCY

-            Complex property or attribute of educated people.

-            Refers to the nurse’s ability and knowledge to help others with their self-care.

NURSING SYSTEM

-            Relationship between the person’s legitimate nurse and client.

-            The actual plan and type of care provided depending on how much the patient can or cannot do.

THEORY OF SELF CARE

-            Self-Care is the practice of activities that a maturing or mature person initiates and performs on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being.

-            Components:

Type of Self-Care Requisites	Description	Key Points / Examples
Universal Self-Care Requisites	Basic human needs common to everyone	Air, water, food, elimination
Developmental Self-Care Requisites	Composed of 3 needs	a. Promote development b. Engage in self-development c. Preventing or overcoming adverse human conditions and life situations
Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites	Needs that arise when a condition temporarily or permanently alters health	- When a person is ill, injured, or has a medical condition - Nurses assist when health problems limit self-care ability

UNIVERSAL SELF CARE REQUISITES

Basic human needs common to everyone

Air, water, food, elimination

DEVELOPMENTAL SELF CARE REQUISITES

Composed of 3 needs

a. Promote development b. Engage in self-development c. Preventing or overcoming adverse human conditions and life situations

HEALTH DEVIATION SELF CARE REQUISITES

Needs that arise when a condition temporarily or permanently alters health

- When a person is ill, injured, or has a medical condition - Nurses assist when health problems limit self-care ability

THEORY OF SELF CARE DEFICIT

-            When individuals cannot carry out self-care requisites.

THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEMS

-            The actual plan and type of care provided depending on how much the patient can or cannot do.

-            3 Types of Nursing Systems:

NURSING SYSTEM	DESCRIPTION	EXAMPLE
1. Wholly Compensatory	Patient is UNABLE to complete any self-care independently. The NURSE does EVERYTHING.	Completely bedridden patient who cannot feed, bathe, or move themselves
2. Partly Compensatory	The nurse and patient SHARE responsibilities in self-care.	Patient needs help walking to the bathroom
3. Supportive–Educative	The nurse TEACHES and GUIDES the patient who can perform self-care but lacks knowledge or confidence.	Newly diagnosed diabetic patient

WHOLLY COMPENSATORY

Patient is UNABLE to complete any self-care independently. The NURSE does EVERYTHING.

Completely bedridden patient who cannot feed, bathe, or move themselves

PARTLY COMPENSATORY

The nurse and patient SHARE responsibilities in self-care.

Patient needs help walking to the bathroom

SUPPORTIVE-EDUCATIVE

The nurse TEACHES and GUIDES the patient who can perform self-care but lacks knowledge or confidence.

Newly diagnosed diabetic patient