The boundary between two colliding plates - coming toward each other
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Subduction
where an oceanic plate sinks down at a convergent boundary, between continental and oceanic plates.
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Divergent Boundary
Where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust called a rift valley.
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Mid-Ocean Ridge
The highest part of a chain of underwater mountains.
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Trench
A surface feature in the seafloor produced by the descending plate during subduction.
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Rift
A deep crack in the Earth's surface associated with divergent boundary.
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Lithosphere
The solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle.
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Asthenosphere
The soft layer of the middle mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
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Convection Currents
Circular currents in the mantle caused by the magma being heated by the core of the Earth (hot less dense magma rises and cold more dense magma sinks).
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Theory of Continental Drift
Proposed by Alfred Wegener, that the continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart.
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Theory of Plate Tectonics
The theory that the lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere.
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Mountain Range
Formed by two continental plates colliding and forcing each other upwards.
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Transform boundary
Plates that slide past each other; causes earthquakes
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Pangaea
Supercontinent was believed to exist 200 million years ago
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Wegener
German scientist who hypothesized continental drift.
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Seafloor Spreading
Creates new sea floor as plates move away from each other at the mid-ocean ridges
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Continental-Continental Convergence
Happens where 2 continental plates of the same density collide and push up creating mountain ranges
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Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence
Older more dense plate is subducted. Deep trenches and volcanic island arcs are generated.
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Continental-Oceanic Convergence
Oceanic crust goes under the continental crust because it is more dense. This creates a subduction zone, deep ocean trenches, and an arc of volcanic mountains.
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Continental Drift
The gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface over time
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Fossil
The remains of a prehistoric plant/animal embedded in rock
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Asthenosphere
Weaker layer beneath the lithosphere which is semi-molten rheid
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Crust
The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle and 0-100km thick
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Inner core
Hot, dense centre inside the earth that is mostly iron and 1250 km thick
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Lithosphere
The rigid outer part of the earth including the crust and upper mantle.
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Mantle
The layer of hot, mostly solid material between Earth's crust and core.
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Outer Core
Borders the mantle, made of liquid iron and nickel and 2200km thick
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Tectonic Plates
Large irregularly shaped slabs of rock on the earth's surface
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Plate boundary
Where 2 tectonic plates meet
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Urban Area
A built up area with a high population density such as a town or city
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Urbanisation
The increase in the amount of people living in towns and cities
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Counter-urbanisation
The increase in the amount of people moving from an urban area to rural areas
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Suburbanisation
Where the settlements on the outskirts of a city grow outwards due to the increase of houses and services to accommodate more people
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Land use
The function of the land
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Land use model
A theoretical representation to explain how an urban area grows
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Index
A calculation which combines multiple factors together to give a single result
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Quality of life
The extent to which people's needs and desires are met and the general well-being of individuals and societies
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Deprivation
The degree to which individuals or an area lack services and amenities
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Urban decline
deterioration of the inner city caused by lack of investment and maintenance
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Derelict
in very poor condition as a result of neglect
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Types of plate boundaries
Divergent, Convergent, Transform
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A break in the Earth's crust which occurs along plate boundaries?
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Flashcard (33)