Anatomy and Physiology Terminology

Hydrophobic

water hating molecules

Hydrophilic

molecules that dissolve in water

Acid

substances that release hydrogen (H+) in water

Base

substances that release hydroxide (OH+) in water

Organic Compound

large complex molecules containing oxygen. (contain carbon: categorized as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Inorganic Compound

small molecules, generally with no carbon

Cell

basic functional units of animal life

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Tissues

made up of specialized cells. the animal body is made up of 4 basic groups: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue , and nervous tissue

Intracellular Fluid

fluid in cells

Interstitial Fluid

fluid surrounding cells within the vessel

Intravascular Fluid

Fluid in vessels and lymphs

Crystalloid Fluids

composed of water; good for rehydrating extravascular spaces

Colloid Fluids

heavy molecules suspended in isotonic crystalloid

Diffusion

movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration

Osmosis

movement of water through a membrane from a diluted solution to a concentrated solution

Osmolality

measurement of solute concentration in fluid

Isotonic

fluid with a normal blood osmolality

Hypertonic

fluid with an osmolality greater than that of blood

Hypotonic

fluid with an osmolality less than that of blood

Shape of Cells

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Endocrine Glands

have ducts that discharge secretions locally

Exocrine Glands

do not have ducts or tubules, secretions are distributed throughout the body

Membranes

line body cavities, separate organs, covers surfaces. types: mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial

Matter

anything that occupies space and has mass

Atom

smallest unit of an element; retains unique properties of the element

Element

single, pure, substance consisting of one atom

Molecule

formed by atoms joined by chemical bonds

Compound

two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Ion

atom that gains or loses an electron

Isotope

atom that gains or loses one or more neutrons

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

energy currency of cells

Health

proper function of each body system

Disease

body’s structures and functions are abnormal

Homeostasis

regulation of own’s body temperature

Microscopic Anatomy

formed of cells and tissues

Macroscopic Anatomy

formed of organs, muscles, and bones

Organs

groups of tissues that work together with common purpose for body function

Skeletal System

consists of bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, muscles (fix w notecards from med term)

Integumentary System

consists of skin, nails, hair, hooves

Nervous System

consists of peripheral and other nerves

Cardiovascular System

consists of heart and blood vessels

Respiratory System

consists of lungs and air passage ways

Muscular System

consists of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth (visceral) muscle

Nervous Tissue

longest cell in the body. receives and transmits electrical and chemical signals; composed of two cells types: neurons and neurological

Digestive System

consists of GI tube and accessory organs

Sensory System

organs of general and special use

Endocrine System

consists of glands and hormones

Urinary System

consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Reproductive System

male/female sex gametes. penis, vagina, ovaries, testes

Physiology

functions of the body and its parts

Anatomy

form and structure of the body and its parts