Micro 201 Final Exam Iowa State

Fungi outnumber bacteria in the soil but bacteria have a much greater biomass. T/F?

False

The influenza virus only infects humans. T/F?

False

Latent tuberculosis infections can often reactivate. T/F?

True

Influenza virus: antigenic drift results from surface glycoprotein mutations that cause minor change. T/F?

True

HIV and TB co-infections are very problematic worldwide, particularly in developing nations. T/F?

True

HIV infects cells via the CD8 receptor. T/F?

False

Lyme disease is restricted to the Northeastern states in the areas around Lyme, Connecticut. T/F?

False

Mycovagerium tuberculosis, the pathogen causing tuberculosis is: ________.

- is a rod shaped bacterium

- has developed resistance to many antibiotics

- is an important pathogen attacks patients with AIDS

- all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is caused by a protozoan pathogen?

Trichomoniasis

Antimicrobial drug resistance is an important problem with all of the following expect:

- All listed do have resistance issues

- chlamydia

- tuberculosis

- gonorrhea

All listed do have resistance issues

Which of the following pathogens is NOT spread by the fecal-oral route?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium causing tuberculosis

When the pathogen causing gonorrhea is passed to a newborn from an infected mother:

the baby may suffer an infection of the eyes that can result in blindness

Antibacterial drugs are usually given for an extended period of time (up to 12 months) to treat people suffering from:

tuberculosis

The avian flue virus H5N1?

has killed hundreds of humans

cannot be transmitted easily from person to person

causes serious disease in domestic poultry such as chickens

all of the above

all of the above

In an HIV infection, the virus preferentially infects:

memory B-cells

cyctotoxic T-cells

the antibody-producing cells of the immune system

none of the above

none of the above

An AIDS victim is usually killed by:

opportunistic pathogens that invade following collapse of the immune system

Antibiotic resistance is a particularly serious problem with infections caused by Clostridium difficile. T/F?

True

A disease that has spread widely around the world is considered a pandemic. T/F?

True

Edward Jenner was an English doctor who developed the vaccination procedure for smallpox. T/F?

True

A victim of cholera usually dies because of intense intestinal bleeding. T/F?

False

The genes and subsequent proteins for cholera toxin are located on phage DNA which is integrated into the DNA of the bacterium Virio Cholera. T/F?

True

Microbial virulence factors include _____.

- All listed

- capsules

- toxins

- enzymes

all listed

HIV infects cells by way of what receptor?

CD4 receptor on Th cells

Which of the following statements about Lyme disease is NOT TRUE.

- Rodents are an important reservoir for Lyme disease.

- Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete.

- Lyme disease is vectored by a tick.

- Lyme disease is highly contagious and easily spread from person to person.

- Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics.

Lyme disease is highly contagious and easily spread from person to person.

The global eradication campaign for smallpox was successful because:

- all listed

- humans are the only host for the virus

- all infected people show symptoms.

- an effective vaccine was available.

- the virus is eliminated from the body upon recovery, no chronic carriers

all listed

The infectious dose for Salmonella is quite high because ______.

most of the bacteria get killed by the acid environment in the stomach

In his classic 1853 epidemiological study, English physician John Snow:

controlled cholera by shutting down a source of contaminated water.

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae, the cholera pathogen, is due to its:

enterotoxin production

Cholera victims are usually (Hint: there are several possible ways to treat Cholera but which one is far and away the most used) treated with:

rehydration therapy

Shingles is caused by a:

virus

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterial infection. T/F?

True

necrotizing fasciitis is caused by:

bacteria

Plants can transfer what level of fixed carbon to the rhizosphere?

10 to 40%

Mycorrhizae DO NOT:

fix nitrogen

Plant have receptors very similar to our TOLL, NOD, and RIG receptors. T/F?

True

Cowpox is caused by a bacterial infection. T/F?

False

The most common STD in the US is:

HPV

Which is true about Zika virus:

- It is mostly spread by mosquitoes

- Zika virus can be spread by sex

- There is no vaccine currently available worldwide

- Zika virus can lead to the birth defect microcephaly

- all listed

all listed

Which disease is LEAST prevalent worldwide?

smallpox

Plants can naturally produce antibodies to combat viral and bacterial infections. T/F?

False

The ID50 is:

the number of organisms needed to establish a successful infection in half of the people exposed

The global eradication campaign for smallpox was successful because:

- humans are the only host for the virus

- all infected people show symptoms

- an effective vaccine was available

- the virus is eliminated from the body upon recovery, no chronic carriers

- all of the above

all of the above

Cholera victims are usually treated with:

rehydration therapy

Termite microbiology could lead to breakthroughs in biofuel production. T/F?

True

Higher plants have an adaptive immune system like us, utilizing B-cells, T-cells, etc. T/F?

False

Which disease is more prevalent worldwide?

tuberculosis

What is a sign of an illness?

skin rash

The US has the lowest STD infection rate of any developed country. T/F?

false

The influenza virus can only infect humans. T/F?

false

which of the following STDs is associated with a latent infection of nerve cells that can later reactivate and cause a new outbreak of symptoms

herpes

the highest incidence of HIV infection is found in:

Sub-Saharan Africa

the most numerous microbes in the soil are the:

bacteria

The only way AIDs virus can be transmitted is through sexual activity. T/F?

false

mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen causing tuberculosis?

- all of the above

-is a rod shaped bacterium

-has developed resistance to many antibiotics

-is an important pathogen attacking patients with AIDS

-is spread from person-to-person via respiratory droplets

all of the above

where do we have microbes normally living

small and large intestine

what best describes why typhoid Mary never believed she could be causing typhoid fever

she had no symptoms

the subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an

symptom

Rhizobium bacteria fix nitrogen while Mycorrhizae fungi do not. T/F?

true

gastroenteritis is caused by a viral infection

e. coli

what is the most common way Zika is transmitted

mosquitos

which of the following disease is caused by a bacterium?

-AIDS

-chlamydia

-tuberculosis

The herpes virus HSV-1 only causes cold sores while HSV-2 only causes genital infections. T/F?

false

chicken pox is caused by a bacterial infection. T/F?

false, virus

the host in which antigenic shift of the influenza virus is most likely to occur is

pigs

The toxic produced by vibrio cholera, the cholera pathogen

Cholera toxin

Fecal transplants have been used successfully to treat people suffering form infection Clostridium deficile. T/F?

true

what causes the morbidity rate of a disease?

number of new cases over a given period of time

during which stage of the infection cycle is a person no longer infectious

prodromal stage

which is a non-communicable disease

tetanus

The rhizosphere is an area of intense microbial activity because:

sugars, amino acids, and organic acids secreted by roots

what is the most common way gasteroenteritis is transmitted?

-fecal-oral

-contaminated food or water

Because chlamydial infections are caused by bacteria, Beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin are commonly used to cure this infection. T/F?

true

if the ID50 of a pathogen is 50 and you give 100 people the ID50 dose, how many will become sick?

50

Which of the following statements about influenza is NOT true

influenza virus commonly causes symptoms of "stomach flu"

cellulitis is caused by a bacterial infection. T/F?

true

Mycorrhizae associations between fungi and plant roots:

allow for faster plant growth

An AIDS victim is usually killed by

opportunistic pathogens that invade following collapse of the immune system

what is the most common way cholera is transmitted

contaminated water supply

what is the most common way impetigo is transmitted

close contact

Zika virus infection in pregnant women is associated with this health issue the offspring:

microcephaly in newborns

the avian flu virus H5N1:

- all of the above

-has killed hundres of humans

-is carried in the intestines of wild birds where it does not cause disease

-cannot be transmitted easily from person to person

-causes serious disease in domestic poultry as chickens

all of the above

salmonella infections are caused by bacteria. T/F?

true

tuberculosis is caused by a viral infection. T/F?

false

latent infections can occur with which of the following diseases

herpes

Antigenic shift can result in major changes in the influenza virus. Antigenic shift is caused by

exchange of large segments of viral RNA from one strain of influenza virus to another

when the pathogen causing gonorrhea is passed to a newborn from an infected mother

the baby may get an eye infection leading to blindness

highly active antrietrovial therapy used to treat AIDS:

- all of the above

-consists of a combination of drugs targeting the viral protease and reverse transcriptase enzymes

-cannot cure AIDS

-cause many side effects due to their toxicity

-is quite expensive

all of the above