Buffers

Buffers are chemicals that, when added to water, protect the solution from WHAT

Buffers are chemicals that, when added to water, protect the solution from LARGE pH CHANGES when ACIDS OR BASES ARE ADDED TO THEM

They are used to WHAT and WHAT

They are used to CALIBRATE pH METERS and CONTROL THE RATE OF pH SENSITIVE REACTIONS (eg in blood)

Typical buffers are solutions containing relatively large amounts of WHAT such as a WHAT and the WHAT

Typical buffers are solutions containing relatively large amounts of CONJUGATE PAIRS such as a WEAK ACID and the SALT OF THE CONJUGATE BASE

eg) H2CO3 and NaOH

The ACID in the conjugate pair of the buffer protects against any WHAT added

The ACID in the conjugate pair of the buffer protects against any BASE added

The BASE in the conjugate pair of the buffer protects against any WHAT added

The BASE in the conjugate pair of the buffer protects against any ACID added

Buffers can be OVERWHELMED by the addition of too much WHAT or WHAT

Buffers can be OVERWHELMED by the addition of too much ACID or BASE

pH doesn’t WHAT if small quantities are added

pH doesn’t CHANGE if small quantities are added

Buffers are WHAT and its WHAT

Buffers are WEAK ACIDS and its CONJUGATE BASE

Water can’t be a WHAT

Water can’t be a BUFFER

Strong acids are not WHAT

Strong acids are not BUFFERS