Gas Laws Quiz - Chemistry Sophomore year (copy)

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

there are _ Posutlates

5

The postulates are:

1. gas particles are in constant motion

2. the combined volume of the paritcles of gas sample is negative compared to the volume of a container

3. there are no attractive forces between the particles of a gas sample (so we assume)

4. collisions between the gas particles ate completely elastic (meaning no energy is used)

5. the average kinetic energy of gas particles in a sample is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature

Pressure =

force applied over a specific area

Why do gas particles exert pressure?

in constant motion, the particles collide with the walls of the container

How can we increase pressure?

1. increase temperature

2. decrease volume of the container

3. add more gas particles

pressure and volume?

the relationship between pressure and volume

inversely proportional relationship

Equation = P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

example

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

(103.1kPa)(1.00L) = P₂ (0.35L)

divide both sides of 0.35L

P₂ = 295 kPa

temperature and volume?

relationship between temperature and volume

directly proportional relationship

Equation = V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Temperature Must be in..

Kelvin (because it does not have any negative numbers)

To convert celsius to Kelvin…

add 273 to the celsius

pressure and temperature?

relationship between pressure and temperature

directly proportional relationship

Equation = P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Temp must be in kelvin

Combined Gas Law

looks at relationship between pressure,volume, and temperature when all 3 values are changing

Equation = P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

The Ideal Gas Law

no change in conditions

Equation = PV = nRT

R = gas law constant

n = number of moles

IDEAL GAS LAW CONSTANT

0.08206 L x atm/mol x K

8.314 L x kPa/mol x K

62.36 L x torr/mol x K