Unit 3 AOS 1A HHD - Health and Wellbeing

define health and wellebing

a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence characterised by an equilibrium where an individual feels happy capable and engaged

dynamic and subjective

dimensions of health and wellbeing are

interrelated and not all need to be optimal simultaneously

physical hw define

relates to functioning of body and its systems, including physical capacity to complete daily activities and tasks

characteristics of optimal physical hw (7)

healthy body weight

absence of illness, disease and injury

optimal energy levels

capacity to perform daily tasks

appropriate fitness levels

optimal blood pressure

well-functioning body, systems and organs

activities that promote physical hw

sports team

eating a healthy diet

define mental hw

current state of wellbeing relating to a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. a mentally healthy brain enables positive formation of opinions, decision making, and use of logic

optimal mental hw characteristics (5)

low stress and anxiety levels

optimal self esteem

ability to think and process info
logic for opinion, reasoning for decisions

optimism/positive thought patterns

emotional hw

relates to ability to positively manage and express emotions, including the capacity for resilience and degree of emotional security and relaxation in everyday life

optimal emotional hw characteristics (3)

recognise understand express and manage emotional actions and reactions

experience appropriate emotions in given scenarios

high resilience levels

define social hw

relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations

optimal social hw characteristics (6)

supportive friend network

supportive and well functioning family

ability to manage/adapt to different social situations

effective communications

productive relationships

positive contributions to social groups and community

activities that promote social health and wellbeing

going to school

part time job

define spiritual hw

relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics arising in human minds and consciences

optimal spiritual hw characteristics (5)

sense of belonging and connection to the world

positive meaning, place and purpose

peace and hope for positive future

developed values and beliefs

act according to values and beliefs

define subjective

different for different people, personal tastes, feelings and opinions

define dynamic

constantly changes, never the same

illness

subjective concept related to personal experience of disease

illness is (5)

subjective and dynamic depending on

past experiences with disease, age, access to supports influence subjectivity

changes quickly and constantly evolves during disease experience

initial onset often most discomfort

treatment over time + rest can change experience, and may resolve/reduce discomfort

disease

physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage

define optimal hw

best possible state that a dimension of wellbeing can be at

optimal hw is a resource because

we can engage in activities that benefit us 2234 can be considered resource individually, nationally and globally

health as a resource individually (10)

sleep well

work productively

reduced healthcare costs

gain an enducation

earn an income

exercise

effectively run a household

spend time with friends

work towards life purpose

increase leisure time

live independently

health as a resource nationally (7)

longer and healthier lives

health system savings

fewer people relying on social security

increased productivity

higher average incomes

reduced stress and anxiety in the community

increased social participation

health as a resource globally (5)

reduces risk of international disease transmission

assist promoting peace and stability

promote economic development

promote social development

promote sustainability

define health status

individual or population’s overall level of health and wellbeing considering indicators like life expectancy, mortality and morbidity

health indicators

standard statistics that measure and compare health status

self assessed health status

an individual’s opinion about how they feel about their health, state of mind, and life overall

commonly sources from population surveys

indication of overall level of wellbeing in all dimensions of health and wellbeing

rate health on likert scale (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor)

life expectancy

number of life years on average remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates don’t change

most common is life expectancy at birth

health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health; time lived without health consequences of a disease or injury

measured in years and by the quantity and quality of life

mortality

related to death, often at a population level

mortality rate/death rate

measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period (usually per 100 000)

mortality rate is important for (4)

governments/organisations to analyse trends to

• develop and fund strategies to decrease mortality rates

• create laws that make unhealthy behaviours more difficult

• give feedback on efficacy of current interventions

• make future predictions to implement relevant interventions to improve health status

3 types mortality rates

infant

under 5

maternal

under 5 mortality rate

number of children who die before their 5th birthday

per 1000 live births

maternal mortality rate

number of mothers who die from childbirth, pregnancy, or associated treatment

per 100 000 live births

infant mortality rate

rate of deaths of infants before their 1st birthday

per 1000 live births

morbidity

refers to ill health in an individual and within a population (expressed as incidence and prevalence)

incidence

number or rate of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a period (usually 12 months)

prevalence

total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

significance of incidence and prevalence (3)

2 ways of looking at disease impact

long lasting nature of chornic disease requires inspection of when disease was contracted and who’s still living with the disease

mortality rates have fallen but morbidity rates have increased for some diseases

4 trends in morbidity

increased prevalence of overweight/obese people in last 20-30 years

increased rates of impaired glucose regulation since 1980

trebled rates of diabetes int eh past two decades

increased rates of kidney disease

burden of disease

measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability

to examine the total burden a condition places on society considering mortality and morbidity

BOD within australia

prevalence and incidence of certain conditions have become worse usually lifestyle diseases

most to least burden - cancer, mental and substance abuse disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, cvds, neurological disorders

DALY disability adjusted life year

equivalent time of healthy years lost from living with a disease or disablity and the years of life lost due to premature death; a measure of bod

YLL years of life lost

years of expected life lost from premature death

younger person = greater YLL

YLD years lived with disability

number of healthy years of life lost to disability, illness or disease

more complex than yll due to conditions and their severity, generally more impact in later life

crude rate

number of years of health life lost during a specific time, divided by the populaiton