AP LANG LAST SECTION

ALIENATED

removed or disassociated from friends, family, or homeland

abstract

not applied to actual objects

anachronism

something out of place in time or sequence

anthropomorphism

the attribution of humanlike characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or forces of nature

apology

defense of an idea

apparatus

equipment; a group of machines

apposition

a grammar construction in which a noun is placed with another as an explanation

archetype

a perfect example; an original pattern or model

brittle

easily broken when subjected to pressure

chiasmus

an inversion in the second of two parallel phrases

gesticulating

making gestures while speaking

hypothetical

existing only as an assumption or speculation

lexicon

a word book describing language with definitions; a dictionary

metonymy

a type of figurative language in which one term is substituted for another term with which it is closely associated

oxymoron

an apparent contradiction of terms

panegyric

statement of high praise

paradigm

an example or model

parallelism

a grammar construction in which two identical syntactic constructions are used

penitent

expressing remorse for one’s misdeeds

period

long, complex, gramatically correct sentence

pernicious

causing great harm

phenomenon

an unusual, observable event

propitious

presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious

rational

logical; motivated by reason rather than feeling

sardonic

disdainfully or ironically humorous; harsh, bitter, or caustic

syllogism

a form of deductive reasoning: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

synecdoche

a form of metonymy thats restricted to cases where a part is used to signify the whole

theoretical

lacking application or practical application

truncated

shortened; cut off