Embalming quiz 3 Guides and limits

The axilla is the soft tissue under the

shoulder, aka the armpit/underarm

The axillary space can be thought of as a

pyramid - the base of the pyramid is the armpit

The axillary artery, axillary vein, and the brachial plexus are contained within

The Axillary space

The axillary artery Originates at the

subclavian artery

The axillary artery Terminates as it leads into the

brachial artery

The axillary artery Drainage

vein (or separate drainage site)

The axillary artery has several branches leading to

Thorax/ Shoulder

Axillary artery Linear guide

a line from a point over or through the center of the base of the axillary space to a point over or through the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space• Line is parallel to the long axis of the abducted arm

Axillary artery Anatomical guide

behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle

Axillary artery anatomical limit

artery extends from the lateral border of the first rib to the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle

Axillary artery Anatomical positioning

From superficial →

deep: vein, artery (VA)

Axillary artery Anatomical positioning

From lateral →

medial: artery, vein (AV)

Axillary artery Incision

Incision is made along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla (Arm should be abducted)

The brachial artery Originates at the

axillary artery

The brachial artery Terminates as it

bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries

The brachial artery Drainage is the

basilic vein (or separate drainage site)

The brachial artery has Several branches leading to the

arm

Brachial artery Linear guide

a line on the surface of the skin from a point over the center of the lateral border of the base of the axillary space to a point approximately 1 inch below and in front of the elbow joint

Brachial artery Anatomical guide

artery lies in the bicipital groove at the posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

Brachial artery anatomical limits

artery extends from a point beginning at the inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle to a point inferior to the antecubital fossa

Brachial artery Anatomical positioning

From superficial →

deep: vein, artery (VA)

Brachial artery Anatomical positioning

From lateral →

medial: artery, vein (AV)

Brachial artery Incision

Incision is made along with the upper one-third of the linear guide furthest from elbow joint

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries Proximity to

Face, center of arterial solution distribution, center of venous drainage

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Vessels are relatively

superficial

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Anomalies of artery

vein are common

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Risk of over-injection of

Facial tissues

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Potential for positioning

issues

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Lots of

branches

Anatomical considerations for the axillary and brachial arteries

Brachial plexus:

Three large nerve cords grouped around the artery

The radial artery Originates at

brachial artery bifurcation

The radial artery Terminates

as it leads into the deep palmar arch

The radial artery has

Many small branches

The radial artery Drainage

alternative site

The radial artery Linear guide

a line on the surface of the skin of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger

The radial artery Anatomical guide

artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and just medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle

The ulnar artery Originates

brachial artery bifurcation

The ulnar artery Terminates

at the superficial palmar arch

The ulnar artery drainage

alternative site

The ulnar artery has

Many small branches

The ulnar artery Linear guide

a line on the surface of the skin from the center of the antecubital fossa on the forearm to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers

The ulnar artery Anatomical guide

artery lies just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (it lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis)

The external iliac artery Originates

at the common iliac artery bifurcation

The external iliac artery Terminates

as it leads into the femoral artery

The external iliac artery Drainage

external iliac vein (or separate drainage site)

The external iliac artery has several

branches

The external iliac artery Anatomical guide

artery extends to a point under the center of the inguinal ligament

Incision for the The external iliac artery is made at the

level of the inguinal ligament 1" inferior or superior

Scarpa's Triangle is the Medial border of the

sartorius

Scarpa's Triangle is the Lateral border of the

adductor longus

Scarpa's Triangle Superior border / Base is the

inguinal ligament

the roof of the Scarpa's Triangle

dense sheet of fascia (fascia lata)

The floor of the Scarpa's Triangle

iliopsoas and pectineus muscles

The Apex of the Scarpa's Triangle

adductor canal

The femoral artery Originates at the

external iliac artery

The femoral artery Terminates as it

leads into the popliteal artery

The femoral artery Drainage is

femoral vein (or separate drainage site)

Femoral artery Linear Guide

a line from the center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial prominence of the knee (medial condyle of the femur)

Femoral artery anatomical guides

artery passes through the center of the femoral triangle and is bounded laterally by the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle

Femoral artery anatomical limit

artery extends from behind the center of the inguinal ligament to the opening in the adductor magnus muscle

Femoral Anatomical positioning

From superficial

deep: artery, vein (AV)

Femoral Anatomical positioning

From lateral

medial: artery, vein (AV)

Femoral Anatomical positioning

Sheath contains the

artery and vein

Femoral Anatomical positioning

Femoral nerve is

lateral and superficial to both and sits outside of the sheath

Femoral artery incision

Draw a line centered between the anterior superior iliac spine and

pubic symphysis

Femoral artery incisions is made along the

medial portion of the linear guide

Femoral artery

Greater saphenous vein is

close

Femoral artery

Fascia lata sits on top of

artery and vein

Femoral artery is

Large diameter

Femoral artery Incision is not

visible

Femoral artery

R/L sides of the head

face are embalmed simultaneously

Femoral vein which is

Large

Arteriosclerosis in the Femoral artery

is common

Femoral artery Solution distribution to head/face is

uncontrolled

Femoral artery

Large arterial branches may be easily mistaken

for the femoral

You need to consider with the Femoral artery

edematous cases effect of ascites and visceral weight on drainage

Popliteal space is located

behind the knee

The popliteal artery Superior borders:

biceps femoris, semimembranosis, and semitendinosis

The popliteal artery Inferior borders:

gastrocnemius

The popliteal artery Originates as

the femoral artery continues

The popliteal artery Terminates as it

bifurcates into the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries