tyfa pathos

Pathos

Argument by emotion is the seductive part of persuasion. This can cause a mood change, make an audience more receptive to your logic, and give them an emotional commitment to your goal.

Sympathy

Registering concern for your audience's emotions

〮Oversympathizing

Belief

Aristotle said this is the key to emotion.

〮Experience

〮Expectation

Experience

Refer to the audience's own experience, or plant one in their heads; this is the past tense of belief

〮Storytelling

Expectation

Make an audience expect something good or bad, and the appropriate emotion will follow

Volume Control

Underplaying an emotion, or gradually increasing it so that the audience can feel it along with you.

〮Simple Speech

Simple Speech

Don't use fancy language when you get emotional

Unannounced Emotion

Avoid tipping off your audience in advance of a mood. They'll resist it.

Passive Voice

If you want to direct an audience's anger away from someone, imply the action happened on its own.

Example: The chair got broken, not Pablo broke the chair.

Backfire

You can calm an individual's emotion in advance by overplaying it yourself. This works especially well when you screw up and want to prevent the wrath of an authority.

Persuasive Emotions

〮Anger

〮Patriotism

〮Emulation

〮Humor

Anger

One of the most effective was to rouse an audience to action, but it's a short-lived emotion.

Belittlement Charge

Show your opponent dissing your audience's desires. A belittled audience is an angry one, according to Aristotle.

Emulation

Emotional response to a role model. The greater your ethos, the more the audience will imitate you.

Humor

A good calming device that can enhance your ethos

Urbane Humor

Plays off a word or part of speech

Wit

Situational humor

Facetious Humor

Joke telling, a relatively ineffective form of persuasion

Banter

Snappy answers that works best in defense

Figures of Speech

Here are the essential ways that you can create your own figures.

〮Cliche Twisting

〮Word Swap

〮Weighing Both Sides

〮Editing Out Loud

〮Volume Control

〮Word Invention

Cliche Twisting

Using overworked language to your advantage

〮Literal Interpretation

〮Surprise Ending

〮Reworking

Literal Interpretation

Reducing a cliche to absurdity by seeming to take it at face value

Surprise Ending

Starting a cliche as it's normally said, but ending it differently

Reworking

Switching words around in a cliche

Word Swap

Changing normal usage and grammar for effect

〮Chiasmus

Chiasmus

Creates a crisscross sentence

Weighing Both Sides

Comparing or contrasting opinions in order to define the issue

〮Either/Or Figure

〮Contrasting Figure

〮Meaning-Change Figure

Either/Or Figure

Dialysis: Weighs each side equally

Contrasting Figure

Antithesis: Favors one side over another

Meaning-Change Figure

Antistasis: Repeats a word in a way that uses or defines it differently

Editing Out Loud

Interrupting yourself or your opponent to correct something

〮Self-Correction Figure

〮Redefiner

Self-Correction Figure

Metanoia: Lets you amplify an argument while seeming to be fair and accurate

Redefiner

Correctio: Repeats the opponent's language and corrects it

Volume Control

Amplifying or calming speech through figures.

〮Litotes

〮Climax

Litotes

Ironic understatement, makes you seem cooler than your opponent

Climax

Uses overlapping words in successive phrases in a rhetorical crescendo

Word Invention

Figures help you create new words or meanings from old words; they make you look clever

〮Verbing

〮"Like" Figure

Verbing

Anthimeria: Turns a noun into a verb or vice versa

"Like" Figure

Parelcon: Strips a word of meaning and uses it as a pause or for emphasis