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Last updated 7:00 PM on 1/2/26
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22 Terms

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law of reflection
angle of incidence= angle of reflection
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specular reflection
on a smooth surface so rays all reflect at the same angle
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diffuse reflection
reflection on a rough or bumpy surface where rays scatter in different directions
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refraction
change of direction when the wave crosses boundaries between mediums because of a change in speed of light
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image
the point where the light rays appear to come from
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white light
produces a spectrum after passing through a prism because different colours refract different amounts
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dispersion
the splitting up of white light into spectrum
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water is denser than air so light refracts and slows down
water makes an object appear larger because
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the colour which is reflected and isn’t absorbed
the colour we see is
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what does black absorb?
every colour
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what does white absorb?
no colours
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real image
formed by focusing light onto a screen, when rays converge
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virtual image
image is upright and laterally inverted, where light appears to come from after is has been reflected, when rays diverge
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transparent objects
transmit all light, absorb no light
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translucent objects
allow light to pass but it is scattered and reflected
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opaque objects
absorbs all light that reaches it
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magnification=
image height / object height
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convex lens
focus parallel rays onto the principle focus
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concave lens
makes parallel rays spread out and appear like they are coming from the principle focus
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real if it further away from the lens than the principle focus
virtual if the object is nearer to the lens than the principle focus (convex)
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concave lenses always produce
virtual images as they make rays spread out
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upright or magnified or virtual
inverted or smaller or real

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