MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES - Fill in the Blank Practice Cards

A set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from the Minerals and Energy Resources notes, including minerals, ores, formation, energy resources, and related topics.

Minerals are indispensable in our lives; almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building, is made from __.

minerals

Minerals are extracted from the earth’s crust after proper __.

refinement

Geologists define a mineral as a __.

homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, the smaller mineral occurrences are called __.

veins

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, the larger mineral occurrences are called __.

lodes

In sedimentary rocks minerals occur in beds or layers, in horizontal __.

strata

The mode of formation that leaves a residual mass of weathered material containing ores (with bauxite formed this way) is called __.

laterite

Ferrous minerals account for about __ of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.

three-fourths (75%)

Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of __ development.

industrial

Magnetite is the finest iron ore with iron content up to __ percent.

70

Hematite ore has iron content of about __ percent.

50-60

The Kudremukh mines are located in the __ Hills.

Western Ghats

Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of __ and ferro-manganese alloy.

steel

Non-Ferrous Minerals include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and __.

gold

Copper is used in electrical cables, electronics and __ industries.

chemical

Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of rocks rich in __ silicates.

aluminium

Mica is indispensable in electric and electronic industries due to its __ strength.

dielectric

Limestone is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the __ furnace.

blast

Hazards of mining include dust and noxious fumes causing __ diseases.

pulmonary

The total volume of workable mineral deposits is about __ of the earth's crust.

one per cent

Mineral resources are finite and __.

non-renewable

Non-conventional energy sources include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and __ energy.

atomic (nuclear)

Coal is formed in stages: peat, lignite, bituminous coal and __.

anthracite

In India, Gondwana coal reserves are located in the Damodar valley; heavy industries are located on or near __.

coalfields

Petroleum occurrences are often found in anticlines and fault traps; major production areas include Mumbai High, Gujarat and __.

Assam

Along the East Coast, new natural gas reserves have been discovered in the __ basin.

Krishna-Godavari basin

Two main ways to generate electricity are hydel (hydroelectric) and __ power.

thermal

Photovoltaic technology is used to convert sunlight directly into __.

electricity

Biogas plants are set up at municipal, cooperative and individual levels; the plants using cattle dung are known as ' gas plants'.

Gobar

Geothermal energy uses heat from the interior of the Earth; two experimental projects are in Parvati valley near Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh and the __ Valley, Ladakh.

Puga