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Type 1 (structure, purpose, example)
si + present + present/future
expresses a present or future action that can or will occur provided that the given condition is fulfilled
Si tengo tiempo luego, te ayudaré.
(the main clause can also contain the imperative: si la gata maúlla, dale de comer, por favor.)
Type 2 (structure, purpose, example)
si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional
expresses an impossible/hypothetical condition and its imagined result in the present or future
Si tuviera tiempo, te ayudaría.
Si la granja fuera más grande, tendría un caballo.
Type 3 (structure, purpose, example)
si + past perfect subjunctive + conditional perfect
looks at a past situation and its outcome and imagines it differently
Si hubiera tenido tiempo, te habría ayudado.
Si el tiempo no hubiera sido tan mal, el pasto no se habría secado.
Mixed conditional
hypothetical situations that could have happened in the past and their possible consequences, or vice versa
combine different types of conditional clauses:
Si hubiera estudiado más, tendría un mejor trabajo ahora.
Si fuera más responsable, no habría perdido el avión.
When to use indicative
when the main clause is about something that has already happened or is habitual
When to use subjunctive
when the main clause is about something that hasn’t actually happened (yet)
Time words:
cuando, en cuanto, tan pronto como, apenas, desde que, hasta que, siempre que, cada vez que, mientras, después de que, a medida que, según, antes de que (last one is NEVER followed by the indicative)