CCNA 200-301 exam questions/review

What is the IEEE of Bluetooth?

802.15 WPAN

What is WiMAX and it IEEE?

-Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
-IEEE 802.16 WWAN

In cellular broadband there are two types of cellular networks, what are they?

Global System for Mobile (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
GSM is internationally recognized, while CDMA is primarily used in the US.

Typically, it is used by rural homeowners and businesses where cable and DSL are not available. It is usually more expensive and requires a clear line of sight.

Satellite Broadband

What is the 802.11 WLAN?

WiFi/wireless devices are based on IEEE 802.11
set of protocols and wireless local area network (WLAN) Wi-Fi computer communication in various frequencies
-Radio frequency is 2.4 GHz

What is the 802.11a?

5 Ghz frequency band
IEEE standard for transmitting data over a wireless network.

What are the two allocated radio frequency in 802.11 wireless LANs?

2.4GHz and 5GHz

Which 802.11 standards exclusively use the 5 GHz radio frequency?

802.11a
802.11ac

Which of the wireless networks typically uses lower powered transmitters for short ranges?

WPAN

In wireless, what does AP stand for?

Access Point

What does SSID stand for?

shared service set identifier (SSID)

The wireless router advertises its wireless services by sending ______________containing its shared service set identifier (SSID)

Beacons

What does QoS stand for and what does it do?

Quality of Service
is a feature of routers and switches which prioritizes traffic so that more important traffic can pass first.

What does WAP stand for and what is it exactly?

Wireless Access Point
more generally just an access point, is a networking hardware devices that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network.

What does Wi-Fi stand for?

Wireless Fidelity
technically, this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked term meaning IEEE 802.11x.

What is an Autonomous AP?

-Standalone devices like a home router. Where the entire WLAN configuration resides on the device.
-Sometimes called thick APs
-do not require a controller to control the AP and it use WLSE for management software
-use for a network that requires only a couple of access points.

What does WLC stand for?

Wireless LAN Controller

What does AS stand for?

Autonomous System

What are Controller-based APs?

-These devices require no initial configuration and are often called lightweight APs (LAPs).
-Also called thin APs
-Centralized management, configuration, encryption, updates and policy settings through a centralized controller

LAPs

Lightweight Access Points

LWAPP

Light Weight Access Point Protocol

What is another name for LAPs?

Controller-based APs

LAG

Link Aggregation Group

What is MIMO?

Multiple Input Multiple Output.
Uses multiple antennas to increase available bandwidth for IEEE 802.11n/ac/ax wireless networks. Up to eight transmit and receive antennas can be used to increase throughput.

Which of the following components are integrated in a wireless home router?
-Access Point
-Switch
-Router
-Range Extender

Access Point, Switch, Router

What is infrastructure mode in WLAN?

A wireless router or AP connects wireless clients to a wired distribution system.

What is API and what does the acronym stand for as well?

Application Programming Interface (API)
An API is software that allows other applications to access its data or services. It is a set of rules describing how one application can interact with another, and the instructions to allow the interaction to occur.
Data formats shared between smart devices often use an Application Programming Interface (API

There are four types of web service APIs

Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
Representational State Transfer (REST)
eXtensible Markup Language-Remote Procedure Call (XML-RPC)
JavaScript Object Notation-Remote Procedure Call (JSON-RPC)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is what?

The physical separation of the network control plane from the forwarding plane, and where a control plane controls several devices.
dynamic, manageable, cost-effective, and adaptable

What is FTP and it port number?

File Transfer Protocol
Port 20, 21
Provides reliability when loading an IOS image upon boot up

What is SSH and it port number?

Secure Shell Protocol
port 22

What is telnet port number?

23

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and port number

port 25

DNS (Domain Name System) port number

53

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) port number

80

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) port number

161

What portocols are reliable, connection oriented and use TCP?

FTP, SSH, Telnet, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, POP3, NTP, IMAP4, HTTPS

What protocols are unreliable, connectionless and use UDP?

DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP

What is DHCP?

A protocol used to automate the assignment of IP Address. It stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol and is the successor to BOOTP.

DHCP port number

67

What is HSRP?

HSRP stands for Hot Standby Router Protocol, it was designed for gateway redundancy without addition config on end devices. Routers configured with HSRP present themselves as a single virtual default gateway.
-It is Cisco Proprietary
-has one active router and one standby router

What does VRRP stand for?

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Has one master router and multiple backup routers

What is VRRP virtual MAC address?

0000.5E00.01xx
0000.5E00.01xx, where xx is the value ID for the VRRP group number

What is FHRP?

First-Hop Redundancy Protocol

In show ip route command, what letter represents EIGRP?

D

In show ip route command, what letter represents OSPF?

O

In show ip route command, what letter represents directly connected routes?

C

In show ip route command, what letter represents static route?

S

In show ip route command, what letter/symbol represents default routes?

*
on a route such as S * 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via Fastethernet 0/1

In show ip route command, what letter represents local/host connected directly connected?

L

What is PAgP?

Port Aggregation Protocol
is a Cisco proprietary link aggregator protocol that can bundle up to 8 active ports.
-Only uses DESIRABLE and AUTO modes

By default the maximum time that a Cisco switch will retain LLDP info before discarding it when it is enabled on an interface is ______

120 seconds

By default, a cisco switch will send LLDP advertisements every ____ seconds when LLDP is enabled on an interface

30

What is LLDP on a Cisco switch?

Link Layer Discovery Protocol.
OSI layer 2 open standard discovery protocol that is used to facilitate interoperability between Cisco devices and non-Cisco devices. Attributes that can be learned from neighboring devices contain Type, Length, Value (TLV) info including port description, system description and management address.

What is VTP?

VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
is a Layer 2 messaging protocol that maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common administrative domain by managing VLAN additions, deletions, and name changes across multiple switches. Without VTP, you would have to manually add VLAN information to each switch in the network.

What is CDP?

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
is a Cisco Proprietary feature that allows you to see directly connected Cisco devices. CDP can provide VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) information whereas LLDP does not.

What is FlexConnect?

Software basically.
(previously known as Hybrid Remote Edge Access Point or H-REAP) is a wireless solution for branch office and remote office deployments. It enables customers to configure and control access points (AP) in a branch or remote office from the corporate office through a wide area network (WAN) link without deploying a controller in each office. The FlexConnect access points can switch client data traffic locally and perform client authentication locally when their connection to the controller is lost. When they are connected to the controller, they can also send traffic back to the controller. In the connected mode, the FlexConnect access point can also perform local authentication.

Number of host on a /24 and it subnet mask

256; 255.255.255.0

Number of host on a /23 and it subnet mask

512; 255.255.254.0

Host on a /22 and it subnet mask

1024; 255.255.252.0

Host on a /21 and it subnet mask

2048; 255.255.248.0

Host on a /19 and it subnet mask

8192; 255.255.224.0

Host on a /18 and it subnet mask

16384; 255.255.192.0

Host on a /25 and it subnet mask

128; 255.255.255.128

Host on a /26 and it subnet mask

64; 255.255.255.192

Host on a /27 and it subnet mask

32; 255.255.255.224

Host on a /28 and it subnet mask

16; 255.255.255.240

Host on a /29 and it subnet mask

8; 255.255.255.248

Host on a /30 and it subnet mask

4; 255.255.255.252

Host on a /31 and it subnet mask

2; 255.255.255.254

Host on a /32 and it subnet mask

1; 255.255.255.255

Host on a /17 and it subnet mask

32768; 255.255.128.0

Host on a /16 and it subnet mask

65536; 255.255.0.0

What is the reserved ranges on RFC 1918?

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

What is the reserved range for loopback addresses?

127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255

What is the Class A range of addresses?

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

What is the Class B range of addresses?

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

What is the Class C range of addresses?

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

What do unique local IPv6 unicast prefix always begin with?

FD or FC
Because the first 7 bits of a unique local unicast address are always 1111110
They can not be aggregatable nor summarized.

What is the address range if a host IP can not obtain a network address via DHCP?

169.254.1.0 to 169.254.254.255

What protocol uses UDP and TCP?

DNS (Domain Name System)

IPv6 multicast address?

FF00::/8

IPv6 Unicast Link-Local address

FF80::/10

Link local addresses are unicast addresses used for communication over a __________ link

single

Link local addresses in IPv6 are used to form what?

Neighbor adjacencies

Global IPv6 unicast addresses, also known as aggregable global address, do they form neighbor adjacency?

NO. They do NOT form neighbor adjacency.

IPv6 multicast address for Link-local

FF02::/16

IPv6 multicast address for Site-local

FF05::/16

IPv6 multicast address for unicast site-local

FC00::/7

IPv6 multicast address for global address

FF0E::/16

Are unicast link local IPv6 addreses routable?

NO.
Used for neighbor discovery

What is HDLC?

The High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) protocol is a populare ISO-standard, bit-oriented, Data Link layer protocol. It specifies an encapsulation method for data on synchronous serial data links using frame characters and checksums. HDLC is a point-to-point protocol used on leased lines. No authentication can be used with HDLC.

What is the difference between HDLC and PPP?

The major difference between HDLC and PPP , the PPP protocol performs better than HDLC because there is no compulsion of using the Cisco devices in both the ends, which means these are interoperable. PPP also supports multiple protocols and support authentication.

What is PPP?

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a Data Link layer protocol that can be used over either asynchronous serial (dial-up) or synchronous serial (ISDN) media. It uses Link Control Protocol (LCP) to build and maintain data-link connections. Network Control Protocol (NCP) is used to allow multiple Network layer protocols (routed protocols) to be used on a point-to-point connection. The basic purpose of PPP is to transport layer 3 packets across a Data Link layer point-to-point link, and it's nonproprietary. The PPP protocol stack is specified at the Physical and Data Link layers only.

In 802.11 wireless topology, what is BSS in Infrastructure?

Basic Service Set;
Consist of a single AP interconnecting all associated wireless clients. The radius of which it covers in it wireless range is called a Basic Service Area (BSA).
Layer 2 MAC address of the AP is used to uniquely ID each BSS which is called a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID).

In 802.11 wireless topology, what is ESS in infrastructure?

Extended Service Set
ESS is ID by a SSID and each BSS is ID by its BSSID.
When you need more coverage, two or more BSS can join through a common distribution system (DS) into an ESS. The whole covered area is called an Extended Service Area (ESA).
A client in one BSA can now communicate with other clients in another BSA within the same ESS. Like a roaming cell phone user may move from one BSA to another and it would be seamless

Since WLAN are half-duplex, what do we use to avoid collision?

(CSMA/CA) carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.

What is the port number of RADIUS?

1812 for authentication
1813 for accouting
1645/1646 for UDP ports

AD of directly connected routing

0

AD of static route

1