National Judiciary

The … courts act as a filter to reduce the number of cases that reach the highest ocurt

circuit

there are … district courts in the national judiciary

94

only about … of cases every reach the supreme court

1%

the average length of time in office for a supreme court justice is

16 years

a matter such as a contract, dispute, bankruptcy or patent infringement would be considered

civil case

court of appeals for the federal circuit, court of international trade, article III courts

constitutional courts

court of appeals for veteran claims, cases arising from some of the expressed powers of the constitution, territorial courts, article I courts, narrower range of cases

special courts

a …, like bank robbery & kidnapping, takes place when a defendant is tried for violation defined by the law

criminal case

makes a point not made or not emphasized in the majority

concurring opinion

expresses the reasons for not agreeing with the court’s decision

dissenting opinion

identifies the issues in the case and the reasons for the decision

majority opinion

composed of military personnel, a … is a trial of violations of military law.

court-martial

the framers believed a strong judicial system was necessary because it would

prevent the states from interpreting, applying, or ignoring U.S. laws as they saw fit

in the federal judiciary, the district courts only have … jurisdiction

original

the first colonial conflict of freedom of press in courts was the …

John Peter Zenger Trial

power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases; example: involves citizens of different states

concurrent jurisdiction

authority of a court to review decisions of inferior (lower) courts

appellate jurisdiction

can be tried only in the federal courts; example: copyright infringement

exclusive jurisdiction

power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court

original jurisdiction