Embryogenesis and Phylum Porifera: Developmental Stages and Characteristics

What is the initial cell formed after fertilization?

Zygote

What is the process called that leads to the formation of a multicellular embryo from a zygote?

Embryogenesis

What stage follows the zygote in embryonic development?

Two-cell stage

What is the solid ball of cells formed during early embryogenesis called?

Morula

What is the name of the stage characterized by the formation of a hollow ball of cells?

Blastula

What is the process called that transforms the blastula into a gastrula?

Gastrulation

What is the term for the opening that forms during gastrulation?

Blastopore

What are the three primary germ layers formed during gastrulation?

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

What is the term for animals that develop the mouth first during embryonic development?

Protostomes

What is the term for animals that develop the anus first during embryonic development?

Deuterostomes

What is the significance of segmentation in animal development?

It allows for redundant organ systems and more efficient movement.

What kingdom do sponges belong to?

Kingdom Animalia

What is the phylum that includes sponges?

Phylum Porifera

What are the two basic body forms of cnidarians?

Polyp and Medusa

What unique structure do cnidarians use to capture prey?

Cnidocytes with nematocysts

What is the term for the jelly-like substance found between the epidermis and the gastrodermis in cnidarians?

Mesoglea

What type of symmetry do eumetazoans exhibit?

Bilateral or radial symmetry

What is the term for animals with two germ layers?

Diploblastic

What is the term for animals with three germ layers?

Triploblastic

What is the larval stage of sponges called?

Parenchymula

What is the role of choanocytes in sponges?

They help in feeding and water circulation.