World History Semester #2 Final

Test Day: Friday, May 23, 2025

Absolutism

Kings/Queens could control all aspects of society

Divine Right Theory

The belief that God chose the leaders without consent of the people.

Traits of Absolute Monarchs

Large Royal courts, building projects, tries to control the religion, stripped the power of nobles/lords.

Constitutional Monarchy

The power of the king/queen is limited by a Parliament.

The Glorious Revolution

King James ll fled to France, England’s parliament offered the throne to his daughter Mary and her husband William

English Bill of Rights

Separated the powers, and enhanced the democratic election

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in which people started to think for themselves and used reason to guide their lives

Thomas Hobbes

Gov: absolute monarchy

Why: humans are selfish, nasty, brutal, and greedy

Socialism

Economic system where the government owns big industries while individuals control small businesses and farms

Capitalism / Laissez-Faire (Adam Smith)

Individuals control all economic decisions and own all businesses while the government protects their rights

Communism

Economic system where the government has control over everything (economics, farms, businesses)

Imperialism

The policy of establishing and enforcing the rule of a nation on outside people or countries

How did China respond to European / Western imperialism?

Attempted to modernize and develop sufficient strength

How did Japan respond to European / Western imperialism?

Strengthened itself to remain a sovereign nation

Effects of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The allies of the attacked nation and the attackers nation came to each sides aim which dragged all of them into a war

What was the Great Depression?

A time where there was major economic instability during the 1930s

How did the Great Depression lead to the rise of totalitarian dictators?

People turned to dictators to get them out of the crisis

Totalitarianism

A government that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life

Characteristics of a totalitarian government

Ideology dictatorship, one party rule, state control over individuals, and methods of enforcement

Fascism

One leader along with one party rules

Characteristics of fascism

State sponsored capitalism, glorified aggressive nationalism, glorified war, ajd condemned democracy

Appeasment

Giving into an aggressor to keep the peace

Outcome of the Munich conference

Hitler is given Sudetenland, but guarantees independence for the rest of Czech and Europe

Why did France and Britian declaire war on Germany in 1939 (WWll)

Hitler invaded Poland

Final solution

Hitler’s plan to eliminate all remaining jews in Europe using a euphemism

Cold War

A war against the United States and Soviet Union to compete to become the world power

Foreign Aid

Tried to win allied by giving them financial aid to other nations

Espionage

Fearing that the enemy might be gaining the advantage.
Each side spied on each other

Brinkmanship

The practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of - or the brink of war to scare the other side into backing down

Iron Curtain

An imaginary line divided Europe into a communist East and a democratic West

Mao Zedong

Communist party leader who became a total dictator who established a command economy in China

Tiananmen Square

On April 15, 1989, Chinese citizens in Beijing, China protested against the government because of corruption and inflation

Decolonization

To either be granted independence or having to fight for it

Policy of Apartheid

Racial separation in all aspects of social life established by the white-ruled nationalist party

Nelson Mandela

First elected black president of South Africa in an election where all citizens could vote

Mahatma Gandhi

Hindu leader of the independence movement who only used peaceful forms of protest

Vladimir Putin

Boris Yeltsin’s prime minister who took over when Yeltsin resigned in 1999. He’s the current president of Russia

How has Putin changed Russia?

No right of speech, no right of assembly, no right of press, no protests allowed, and almost all natural resources are controlled by the government

Globalization

Integration of the world’s economic, social, environmental, and social lives

The Taliban

Came into power after the Soviet Union’s collapse and is denying basic human rights

Yugoslavia acts of genocide

Serbia vs Bosnian Muslims

Slavery and Inhuman treatment

Rwanda acts of genocide

Hutu vs Tutsi

No right to life and torture

English Civil War

A war between England’s royals and Parliament over balance of power. Parliament won in 1646

John Locke

Gov: Limited / Constitutional monarchy

Why: people are born as a blank slate (life, liberty, and property)

Industrial Revolution Living Conditions

Crowded and polluted

Industrial Revolution Working Conditions

Low wages, hot, poorly ventilated, and long hours

Urbanization

Increase of population in towns and cities