Key Issue 2: John Balliol and Edward I 1292-96

Baliols Rule

1-He held 4 parliaments between February 1293 and May 1294

2-First parliament at Scone he got most magnates to accept him as king

3-The youngest Bruce refused to accept at first but then agreed a few months later

4-John set up 3 new sheriffdoms in Skye, Argyll and Kintyre in a attempt to regain control in West

5-Supporters of John were given control of these sherrifdoms but this led to resentment from those who didnt

6- He struggled to control rivalries between magnates

7-Previous kings extracted loyalty as symbolic but Edward did it to exercise power

8-John had to come in after 6 years of no king and the country was weak and a strong leader was needed

9- He was given praise of his ability to keep Bruce quiet during his reign

10- He began processing a backlog of royal cases, aiming to dispense justice and secure authority

Edwards Overlordship

1- Edward had English officials to oversee the inauguration showing he was in charge

2- He summoned John down to Newcastle to pa homage to him on 26 December 1292

3-After being accused of not adhering to the Treaty of Birgham, Edward said it was a marriage treaty and didn’t apply

4-2 January 1292, John was forced to acknowledge in writing that Edward was released from all promises made

5- Edward charged John for over £4,500 for his fees after being installed as King.

6-During the MacDuff case John tried to argue at Westminster that Edward couldnt judge the case and wouldnt answer without his men

7-John was constantly summoned down to England and Edward never came to Scotland

8- Edward threatened John with contempt of court and would confiscate 3 important castles forcing him to back down

9-John was forced to accept Thomas Hasingore as new Chancellor and Chamberlain was described as Treasurer

10-Edward had the Guardian seal broken and a new one made for King John

The Scottish Response

1-Scottish Leaders were unwilling to fight or pay taxes to Edwards war in France

2-12 Guardians were set up in July 1295 to secure an alliance with France

3- Treaty was drafted in Paris on 23 October 1295

4-Scotland would maintain hostilities with ENgland in return for military aid if Scotland was invaded

5-Johns son would marry a niece of King Philip

6- The treaty was ratified by Scots at Dunfermline in 1296

7- Its argued whether John was sidelined and nobles acted or whether supported the appointments of guardians and his french connections helped.

8-The French also had the support of the Norwegians

9-Edward heard about the treaty and turned his attention to Scotland

10- Scotland didn’t want to fight France as it was one of their main trading partners

subjugation of Scotland in 1296

1- After Dunbar there was little opposition meaning Edward could progress North

2- 2 July John surrendered at Kincardine and had to send a document confessing of his wrongdoing

3- John was forced to renounce his treaty with France

4- When Edward arrived at Stirling there was only a gate keeper who handed over the key

5-John was put in royal attire and had his crown, sceptre and sword removed, the ring from his finger and royal badge was ripped from him

6- John and his sons were sent to England and put under house arrest for 3 years and then sent to the Pope

7-1296 a parliament was held were 1,600 magnates sore oaths of fealty in the Ragmans Role to Edward

8-Edward took the Holy Rood of St Margaret and the Stone of Destiny

9- Earl Warenne was made lieutenant and Cressingham made Treasurer

10- However Edward mistakingly refused to give the crown to Bruce who would’ve loyally been his vassal king