BIOL-1116 Practical Lab #1 Bacteria, Protists and Fungi

What are the three main domains of life

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukarya

Which domains are all prokaryotes?

Archaea and Bacteria

Distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotes

Do not contain membrane bound organelles

What reproduction is occuring in the photo? And what is reproducing

Binary fission - Bacteria reproduction cell duplicates its components and divides into two cells

Nucleoid region in prokaryotes

A single circular loop of DNA

Peptidoglycan

Network of sugar polymers corss linked by short polypeptides, found in most bacterial cell walls

Heterotrophs

Deriving their energy from organic molecules made by other organisms

Decomposers

Feeding on dead organic matter, u

Pathogens

Heterotrophs which cause disease to plants and animals

Symbionts

Heterotrophs which form partnerships with other organisms which they both benefit i

What is the shape of this bacteria

Bacilli

What is the shape of the bacteria shown?

Cocci

What is the shape of the bacteria shown

Spirilla

Is the bacteria pointed at gram positive or negative

Gram negative bacteria

Is the bacteria pointed at gram positive or gram negative

Gram positive

What is cyanobacteria

Autotrophic blue green algae deriving energy from photosynthesis

The cells of cyanobacteria are _____

Prokaryotic

Heterocysts

Specialized nitrogen fixing cells

What is the structure highlighted by pink

Gelatinous sheath

Pellicle

A flexible layer of protein bands, rather than a cell wall allowing for euglenozoans to swim

Mixotrophs

In sunlight they are autotrophic

Without sunlight they are heterotrophic

Silica

Silicon dioxide embedded in an organic matrix

What are the three basic morphological types of green algae

1. Unicellular

2. Colonial

3. Filamentous

What morphological type is being shown

Unicellular

What morphological type is being shown

Colonial

Mucilage

Less dense than water, aiding in buoyancy

True/false; the organism being pointed at is parasitic

True

Kinetoplast

A single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA in a parasite

The ameboid protozoa flowing extensions of the body is called

Pseudopodia - engulfs food and aids locomotion

Cilia

Small hair like structures which are used in movement and feeding

What is occurring in this picture

Transverse fission - Division of an organism in two

Plasomodium

Brightly coloured cytoplasm containing diploid nuclei

Coenocytic

NOT multicellular, growing as nuclei divide

What is being shown in the picture

Hyphae

Gametangia

Gamete producing structures

What develops in the same diploid mycelium to produce spherical eggs (oospheres)

Oogonia (female) and antheridia (male)

The growth of tubular processes toward the oogonia are called? (Structure being pointed to)

Fertilization tubes

What developes after the combining of the oosphere and the fertilization tubes?

Oospores 2n

What is the structure which cover the surface of downy mildew infected leaves of plants (term covered in the photo) called?

Sporangiophores

What cells are being pointed at, and what do they do?

Haustoria penetrate the living hosts cells, absorbing nutrients and passing them to growing hyphae

What is mycorrhizae

Fungi which increase absorptive surfaces of plants and roots which aid mineral exchange between soil and plant

Mycelium

An individual organism made of mass of hyphae

Saprophytes (fungi)

Fungi feed on living organisms and are parasites

Septa

cross walls that separate cytoplasm and nuclei into cells

Chitin

Polysaccharide that makes up cell walls of fungi which comprises the exoskeletons of crustaceans

Budding

Form of asexual reproduction, uneven distribution of cytoplasm common in yeast

Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction involbing the breaking an organism into one or more pieces which can develop into a new organism

Union of the cytoplasm of two parent mycelia (gametes)

Plasmogamy

Nuclei contributed by two gametes is known as

Karyogamy

Zygomyota produce what

Zygospores are produced

Basidiomycota produce

Diploid structure called basidium

Which structure is formed from submerged hyphae aerial hyphae

Stoloni

Which structure is formed by the touching of stolons whenever tips come in contact with substrate

Rhizoids y

Basidiomycota produces what from sexual reproduction (meiosis)

Basidiospores

What specific structure is being pointed at in the picture

Conidia