Anti-Thrombotic Medications

Drugs can affect coagulation and haemostasis by acting on __________.

Platelet aggregation, the coagulation pathway, fibrinolysis

Examples of antiplatelet agents include __________ and __________.

Aspirin and Clopidogrel

The key role of aspirin as an antiplatelet agent is to __________ platelet aggregation.

inhibit

Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH) such as __________ are used for anticoagulation.

Dalteparin

Vitamin K antagonists, such as __________, are commonly used anticoagulants.

Warfarin

DOACs like Dabigatran have an advantage over Warfarin due to __________.

more predictable pharmacokinetics and less need for monitoring

The function of Serotonergic antidepressants in relation to platelets is to __________.

impair platelet aggregation

Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count of __________.

< 150 × 10^9/L

Antidotes are required prior to major surgery or in __________ situations.

overdose

Fish oil is commonly used for its __________ benefits, including cardiovascular support.

anti-inflammatory

Ginger should be discontinued at least __________ prior to surgery to minimize bleeding risks.

1-2 weeks

A main mechanism of action for Clopidogrel is its role as a __________ receptor antagonist.

P2Y12

Fondaparinux selectively inhibits __________ in the coagulation cascade.

Factor Xa

The use of COX-2 selective inhibitors is often preferred to minimize __________ effects.

gastrointestinal

Garlic, Ginkgo, and Ginger are examples of __________ medicines with antithrombotic effects.

complementary

What are antithrombotic agents?

Medications used to prevent or treat thrombosis by inhibiting blood clot formation.

Name three classes of antithrombotic agents.

Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytics.

What is the primary action of thrombolytics?

To dissolve existing blood clots.

Common side effects of anticoagulants include __________.

bleeding and bruising.

What is the mechanism of action for antiplatelet agents?

They inhibit platelet activation and aggregation.

How does Warfarin function as an anticoagulant?

By inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

What role does Heparin play in anticoagulation?

It enhances the activity of antithrombin III, leading to increased inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa.

Examples of thrombolytic agents include __________ and __________.

Alteplase and Reteplase.

What is the antidote for Warfarin overdose?

Vitamin K.

What is the importance of monitoring INR levels in patients on Warfarin?

To prevent bleeding complications and ensure safe therapeutic levels.