Argumentative Terms to Know

Asserting a Position

Taking a clear stance on the issue presented in the prompt.

Developing a Position

Using appropriate evidence and commentary to support and explain your thesis thoroughly.

Line of Reasoning

A logical progression of ideas.

Evidence

Direct quotes or paraphrased evidence taken from a source text or evidence from one’s own knowledge that supports the claim and helps prove the thesis.

Commentary

The explanation and analysis of the evidence.

Parenthetical Citation (In-Text Citation)

Includes the citation of the source. These citations should be placed at the end of the sentence that contains the quoted or paraphrased evidence. Place a period outside of the second parenthesis.

Counterargument

An argument that opposes one’s position.

Counterclaim

A claim made to refute a previous or opposing claim.

Rebuttal

A claim that furthers one’s argument by disproving or discrediting the counterclaim.

Concession

Admitting the merits of the counterargument.

Refutation

A claim, often following a concession. That furthers one’s argument because it proves a statement or theory to be wrong.