Unit 7 APWORLD

Bolsheviks

Under Vladimir Lenin seize power and set up communist governments

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Peaceful workers march to protest for better working conditions, wages, suffrage; tsar troops killed 1300

Tsar Nicholas II

Last reigning emperor of Russia, king of congress poland, grand duke of finland

Rasputin

Russian mystic and faith healer

Porfirio Diaz

Was Mexico's dictator, he allowed foreign investors (U.S) control over many of the countries resources

Profiriato

The period of Porfirio's presidency in mexico

Francisco Madero

Diaz jailed him because he was the other candidate for presidency

Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)

The jailment of Madero, growing opposition to strong armed policies, accommodation to foreign powers, and opposition to land reform ignited the revolution. Also Madero escaped and set of revolutionary offices.

Pancho Villa

Sends Madero's troops to defeat Diaz's forces

Emiliano Zapata

Redistributes land to impoverished peasants

Constitution of Mexico (1917)

Focusing on land redistribution, universal suffrage, and public education

The Great War (WWI) 1914-1918

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip (black hand). M.A.I.N.

M.A.I.N.

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Militarism

Mass produce weapons and larger armies, chemical weapons, tanks, planes, artillery, grenade, and machine guns

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US, Japan, and China

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, earlier Ottoman Empire and Italy

Self-Determination

People of the same ethnicity, language, culture, and political ideas should be united and have the right to form an independent state

Reparations

Germany paid money for damages caused by the war

Conscription

Required enlistment into the armed forces

Trench Warfare

Opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other with "no mans land" in the middle

U-Boat

Submarines, often attacked ships carrying civilians including americans

Lusitania (1915)

Ocean liner carrying 100 U.S. citizens w/ other passengers

Zimmerman Telegram (1917)

Germany sends to Mexico requesting they assist in fighting the U.S. and promising they will get back territory

Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Fourteen Points

League of nations, Self-determination of colonies

League of nations

All nations of the world would convene to discuss conflicts openly, U.S. didn't join

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Peace treaty w/ Germany, forced them to accept blame, pay reparations, give up colonies, and they had to restrict their military and navy

Weimar Republic

German state

The Great Depression

Severe Economic slump

Keynesian economics

Rejected laissez faire, in favor of government intervention

FDR

President of U.S. during the great depression

The new deal (3 R's)

Relief for citizens suffering, Recovery from the depression, Reform to change government policies

New economic plan

Private trade, allowed farmers to sell their product on a smaller scale

Joseph Stalin

Took control as dictator after Lenin died

Stalin's 5 year plan

Meant to transform USSR into an industrial power

Collectivization

Gives farmlands to collectives to manage by taking it from farms; forces government quotas

Totalitarianism

Government controlled all aspects

Benito Mussolini

Italy - Fascism, glorified militarism and brute force

Spanish Civil War

Struggle between forces of democracy and fascism

The mandate system

Colonies and territories of central powers would be taken by the allies

The Balfour Declaration

Palestine should become a permanent home for the jews of europe

Civil Disobediance

Encouraged indians to break unjust laws and serve jail time

The Salt March

Gandhi's first campaign, led indians to the arabian sea and picked a few grains of salt

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister, appealed to people with fascism and communism

Battle of Britain

Britain withstood Germany air raids by the luftwaffe (german air force) hoping to weaken them so they could attack on land/water

Siege of Leningrad

Germany attacks USSR to create Lebensraum (living space for Germany) and eliminate Bolsheviks

Pearl Harbor Attack

Japan's attack on U.S. Naval base, thought it would keep U.S. out of the war and have them eliminate sanctions

Armenian Genocide

The Turkish government organized the department of the armenians in the Ottoman Empire and over a million were murdered or starved - one of the first genocides of the 20th centuries

Influenza 1918

A virus that broke out in 1918. It is estimated that it killed more people than were actually lost throughout four years of fighting.

Ukrainian Famine

The forced famine of Ukraine by Stalin over not producing enough grain

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Nanking Massacre

Happened in the Chinese city of Nanking. The Japanese troops taking over killed 300,000 people in 6 weeks. Experts estimate that 20,000 women and girls were raped.

Firebombing

A bombing technique that destroys a target through the use of fire; instead of a large blast from bombs incendiary devices are used to cause damage. One of many techniques used during WW2 to cause mass murder and destruction