Unit 7 APWORLD

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53 Terms

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Bolsheviks

Under Vladimir Lenin seize power and set up communist governments

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Bloody Sunday (1905)

Peaceful workers march to protest for better working conditions, wages, suffrage; tsar troops killed 1300

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Tsar Nicholas II

Last reigning emperor of Russia, king of congress poland, grand duke of finland

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Rasputin

Russian mystic and faith healer

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Porfirio Diaz

Was Mexico's dictator, he allowed foreign investors (U.S) control over many of the countries resources

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Profiriato

The period of Porfirio's presidency in mexico

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Francisco Madero

Diaz jailed him because he was the other candidate for presidency

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Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)

The jailment of Madero, growing opposition to strong armed policies, accommodation to foreign powers, and opposition to land reform ignited the revolution. Also Madero escaped and set of revolutionary offices.

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Pancho Villa

Sends Madero's troops to defeat Diaz's forces

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Emiliano Zapata

Redistributes land to impoverished peasants

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Constitution of Mexico (1917)

Focusing on land redistribution, universal suffrage, and public education

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The Great War (WWI) 1914-1918

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip (black hand). M.A.I.N.

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M.A.I.N.

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

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Militarism

Mass produce weapons and larger armies, chemical weapons, tanks, planes, artillery, grenade, and machine guns

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Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US, Japan, and China

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Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, earlier Ottoman Empire and Italy

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Self-Determination

People of the same ethnicity, language, culture, and political ideas should be united and have the right to form an independent state

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Reparations

Germany paid money for damages caused by the war

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Conscription

Required enlistment into the armed forces

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Trench Warfare

Opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other with "no mans land" in the middle

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U-Boat

Submarines, often attacked ships carrying civilians including americans

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Lusitania (1915)

Ocean liner carrying 100 U.S. citizens w/ other passengers

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Zimmerman Telegram (1917)

Germany sends to Mexico requesting they assist in fighting the U.S. and promising they will get back territory

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Propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

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Fourteen Points

League of nations, Self-determination of colonies

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League of nations

All nations of the world would convene to discuss conflicts openly, U.S. didn't join

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Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Peace treaty w/ Germany, forced them to accept blame, pay reparations, give up colonies, and they had to restrict their military and navy

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Weimar Republic

German state

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The Great Depression

Severe Economic slump

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Keynesian economics

Rejected laissez faire, in favor of government intervention

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FDR

President of U.S. during the great depression

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The new deal (3 R's)

Relief for citizens suffering, Recovery from the depression, Reform to change government policies

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New economic plan

Private trade, allowed farmers to sell their product on a smaller scale

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Joseph Stalin

Took control as dictator after Lenin died

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Stalin's 5 year plan

Meant to transform USSR into an industrial power

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Collectivization

Gives farmlands to collectives to manage by taking it from farms; forces government quotas

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Totalitarianism

Government controlled all aspects

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Benito Mussolini

Italy - Fascism, glorified militarism and brute force

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Spanish Civil War

Struggle between forces of democracy and fascism

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The mandate system

Colonies and territories of central powers would be taken by the allies

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The Balfour Declaration

Palestine should become a permanent home for the jews of europe

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Civil Disobediance

Encouraged indians to break unjust laws and serve jail time

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The Salt March

Gandhi's first campaign, led indians to the arabian sea and picked a few grains of salt

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Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister, appealed to people with fascism and communism

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Battle of Britain

Britain withstood Germany air raids by the luftwaffe (german air force) hoping to weaken them so they could attack on land/water

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Siege of Leningrad

Germany attacks USSR to create Lebensraum (living space for Germany) and eliminate Bolsheviks

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Pearl Harbor Attack

Japan's attack on U.S. Naval base, thought it would keep U.S. out of the war and have them eliminate sanctions

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Armenian Genocide

The Turkish government organized the department of the armenians in the Ottoman Empire and over a million were murdered or starved - one of the first genocides of the 20th centuries

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Influenza 1918

A virus that broke out in 1918. It is estimated that it killed more people than were actually lost throughout four years of fighting.

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Ukrainian Famine

The forced famine of Ukraine by Stalin over not producing enough grain

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Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

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Nanking Massacre

Happened in the Chinese city of Nanking. The Japanese troops taking over killed 300,000 people in 6 weeks. Experts estimate that 20,000 women and girls were raped.

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Firebombing

A bombing technique that destroys a target through the use of fire; instead of a large blast from bombs incendiary devices are used to cause damage. One of many techniques used during WW2 to cause mass murder and destruction