Southeast Asia and Australia Test Review

James Cook

British explorer, first European interaction with Aboriginals, claimed East coast of Australia for Britain

New South Wales

claimed August 22, 1770

Abel Tasman

Dutch explorer, claimed Tasmania —explored Pacific. Sailed past Australia, first European to continuously explore continent’s north coast. Called land unappealing

Dutch interest

faded after Tasman’s report

British interest for Australia

grew 1700s

Tasman second voyage

1644

Matthew C. Perry

US Navy—efforts led to trade treaty between US and Japan 1858`

Isolation

Japan had been in a state of isolation from around 1630s

1845

British trade ships put pressure on Japan to open to foreign trade, leading to increased diplomatic negotiations.

US ships arrived in Japan

1846, 1853, 1854

US-Japan treaty terms

opened 5 japanese ports for international trade, American citizens fell under US law when on Japanese soil

imperialism

the policy of expanding the rule of a nation or empire over foreign countries by force

Buddhism

religion based on the Buddha’s teachings, called four noble truths

Four Noble Truths

-Life is made up by pain and suffering

• all suffering is caused by one’s desires

• one can be free from those desires (nirvana)

• Eightfold path (ways to achieve nirvana)

nationalism

unity as a nation, strong belief/pride in one’s country, string attatchent to one’s country

outback

dominate geographical climate in Australia, wilderness with semi-arid climate

First fleet of 11 ships—convicts and soldiers arrive in New South Wales

1778

What was Australia originally?

penal colony

Population in cities

90%

cities on coastline?

pleasant climate and proximity to goods, like agriculture

great barrier reef

world’s largest coral reef system [dying]

Australian Gold Rush started?

1851

Australian gold rush

major gold deposits found in New South Wales and Victoria, leading to an influx of people and significant economic growth. (more gold found in Queensland, Tasmania, South + Western Australia) —-towns deserted, men left behind families

Similarities with US

• size~same

• constitutions (Congress + Parliament structure similar)

• British colonies

  • Conflicts with indigenous

Korea and Vietname similarities

Both had wars between North and South that were part of the larger, worldwide battle against Communism

Korean War (1950-1953)

After WW2, Korea split up— Soviet union has north, US has south—neither recognized other’s authority. North Korea suprise attack started war June 1950

South Korea

Republic of Korea (US)

North Korea

Democratic People’s Republic (USSR)

French Indochina

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

Vietnam after WW2

Japan left, French came back. French Indochina wars, US supported French

Vietminh

Communist revolutionary part started by Ho Chi Minh (US did not like)

Indochina Wars

ended in armistice—North and South temporarily divided until election was executed

Ngo Dinh Diem

US supported candidate for Vietnam, won, North rebelled—-began Vietnam wars. US involvement got even heavier after claims of direct attacks on US ships

Japan Imperialism

After isolation period and US trade, Japan desired to be stronger to compete with other nations [Meiji Restoration]—-imperial power until WW2 (Hiroshima and Nagasaki were devastating losses, after Axis lost the war, Japan’s imperial system collapsed)

Meiji Restoration

Japan desired to be stronger as a nation after setbacks. Better government (constitution, emperor, military)—school system was created, Buddhism—Shintoism. People had little power in government, yet nationalistic ideals were instilled.

South Korea Liberties

innovative, influenced, contact with outside world—republic/free country

North Korea Limitation

strict communist dictatorship, complete censorship, worshipping of leader, bascially—very different from Southern counterpart. Human rights abuses, limited freedoms, and economic hardship.

Kate Sheppard

Led New Zealand’s women suffrage movement. In recent years, her contribution to New Zealand’s identity has been acknowledged on the 10$ bill. —suffrage inspired movements around the world

Women in New Zealand received right to vote

1893

Samuel Mardsen

protestant missionary—established Church Missionary in New Zealand and played leading role in bringing Christianity to New Zealand

suffrage

right to vote

Maori

early Polynesian settlers in New Zealand—indigenous people of New Zealand

Maori Origin

voyagers from eastern Polynesia and central Pacific—likely sailed in canoes to get to NZ

New Zealand Wars

Wars pitted British and colonial forces against Maori tribes. conflict arose over the land, the British wanted to open the land to European settlers, but Maori wanted it left alone. By the end of the wars, a couple thousand Maori had died, and the government had confiscated vast amounts of land

Missionaries

protestant missionaries began to establish missions in New Zealand in the early 1800s, gradually established more stations and began to attract Maori to Christianity . In 1823, Methodists established a mission in Whangarou. During 1830s and 1840s, Maori converted to Christianity in large numbers. by the late 1840s, Christianity had touched almost all Maori to some extent

Treaty of Waitangi

under its terms, Maori gave up control and authority over their land in turn for property ownership, rights as British subjects, and British protection.

Waitangi controversy

major protests and political unreast still exist today due to differences in translations of treaties, unfair terms to Maori still being unjustified now

Geneva Accords signed

1954

Geneva accords

after Indochina war where Viet Minh defeated French forces at Dien Bien Phu—-temporarily split the country into communist north and non-communist south. elections planned in 1956, but postponed by south—feared Ho Chi Minh would win

Vietnam government now

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Unknown Southland

Terra Australis Incognita