Psychophysiology of Pain, Personality, and Stress Responses

What are the two systems related to pain perception?

Reducing and augmenting systems.

How does the nervous system affect pain tolerance in reducers?

The nervous system dampens sensory stimulation, making reducers more tolerant of pain.

What is the effect of the nervous system on augmenters regarding pain?

The nervous system amplifies sensory stimuli, resulting in less tolerance for pain.

What personality type is typically associated with reducers?

Extraverts, who seek more stimulation.

What personality type is typically associated with augmenters?

Introverts, who seek less stimulation.

What is the Behavioral Approach/Activation System (BAS)?

A system linked to high extraversion and the seeking of more stimulation.

What is the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)?

A system linked to low extraversion and the seeking of less stimulation.

What is the circadian rhythm?

A 24-25 hour cycle that influences sleep-wake cycles and peak temperatures.

How does age affect peak temperature times?

Younger individuals tend to peak later in the day compared to older individuals.

What does left frontal hemisphere activation indicate?

Pleasant emotions.

What does right frontal hemisphere activation indicate?

Unpleasant emotions.

What is the general adaptation syndrome?

A three-stage process of stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

What is primary appraisal in the cognitive model of stress?

The evaluation of whether a situation is stressful.

What is secondary appraisal in the cognitive model of stress?

The evaluation of what can be done to cope with the stressful situation.

What are two coping strategies mentioned in the context of stress?

Problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.

What role does heritability play in personality traits?

Traits can be influenced by genes, but the environment also plays a significant role.

How do traits correlate with physiology?

Traits correlate with differences in the nervous system, neuroanatomy, and neurotransmitters.

What is the relationship between testosterone and high-risk careers?

Women in masculine occupations tend to have higher testosterone levels.

What can influence an individual's skills related to testosterone?

The situation they are in can determine their levels of testosterone.