ap world dates & events

Flashcards of key vocabulary terms and events from provided lecture notes.

Hinduism

Began to develop around 2300-1500 BCE.

Judaism

Began to develop around 1500 BCE.

Confucianism

Began to develop around the 500s BCE.

Buddhism

Began to develop around the 400s BCE.

Christianity

Began to develop and spread around Year 0 (CE).

Islam

Began in the 600s CE.

Mongol invasion of Kyivan Rus

Occurred in 1242.

Mongol invasion of Abbasid Dynasty

Occurred in 1258.

Mongol invasion of Song Dynasty

Occurred in 1271.

Black Death

Raged across Europe & Eurasia in 1346.

Ming Dynasty conquers Yuan Dynasty

Occurred in 1368.

Doctrine of Discovery policies

Passed by the Vatican between 1452-1493.

Ottoman Conquest of Byzantine Empire

Occurred in 1453.

Guru Nanak

Founder of Sikhism, born in 1469.

Spanish Reconquista ends

Ended in 1490, with competing perspectives marking the so-called official end on January 2nd, 1493.

First encounter with Arawak & Spanish

Occurred in 1492.

Protestant Reformation

Began in 1517, disrupting religious rule in Europe.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade begins in South America, Mughal Empire begins

Occurred in 1526 on the Indian subcontinent.

European Scientific Revolution

1543 - Shift from medieval thinking to evidence-based thinking. Figures like Copernicus (Earth revolvs around sun) and Newton (Laws of motion) challenged traditional science thinking.

Russian Empire expands eastward into Siberia

Began in 1550.

Trans-Atlantic Slavery begins in North America

Began in 1619.

Ming Dynasty collapses, Qing Dynasty begins

Occurred in 1644.

Kongo Civil War

Weakened African resistance to Europe in 1666.

Glorious Revolution

Spurred European Enlightenment in 1689.

First Wave of Revolution

Occurred 1776-1821, leaving North & South America mostly independent of European colonial rule.

First Wave of Globalization

Took the form of European Imperialism in North & South America in 1492.

Industrial Revolution

Began around 1750.

British invasion of China in Opium Wars

Occurred in 1838.

Taiping Rebellion

Intensified Qing Dynasty decline in 1850.

British invasion of India in Sepoy Indian Rebellion

Occurred in 1857.

On Origin of Species

Opened gates to ‘Social Darwinism’ in 1858.

Meiji Restoration

Japan begins era of ‘Western Modernization’ in 1868. Overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and return to imperial rule.

Berlin Conference

Began the era of European Imperialism in Africa in 1884.

Manifest Destiny ends

USA fully took over the Pacific West Coast in 1890.

1st Sino-Japanese War

Began era of Japanese imperialism in China in 1895.

Boxer Rebellion

Failed in 1900, intensifying European Imperialism in China.

Russo-Japanese War

Began era of Japanese Imperialism in Korea in 1905.

Xinhai Revolution

Brought end to Qing Dynasty and dynastic rule in China in 1911. Led by Sun Yat-Sen and formed the Chinese Republic.

First World War

Erupted in 1914 and continued across the globe until 1918, with the USA emerging as a superpower.

Bolshevik Revolution

Began as the world's first communist revolution in Russia in 1917.

Treaty of Versailles

Formally ended the First World War in 1919. Woodrow Wilson used it to end wars, France and Britain used it to punish Germany

Chinese Civil War

Began between the Chinese Communist Party & Nationalist Party in 1927.

Great Depression

Caused dramatic worldwide shifts in global influence structures & socio-economic ideologies in 1929.

Holodomor

Soviet Union leader Josef Stalin wages genocide against Ukraine in 1933.

Second World War begins

In East Asia with the Japanese invasion of Nanking followed by the outbreak of war in Europe with the Nazi-German invasion of Poland in 1937 and 1939.

The Holocaust

Six million Jews in Europe are murdered during the course of the Second World War with ends with U.S. Atomic Bomb droppings on Japan from 1941-1945.

Founding of Israel

The beginning of a new era of enduring ethnic conflict in 1948. The UN confirmed the partitioning of the Palestinian state which caused conflict.

Chinese Communist Revolution

Triumphs in victory with the Chinese Nationalist Party fleeing to Taiwan in 1949.

The Green Revolution

Began in the 1960s.

Islamic Revolution in Iran

Began in 1979.

India’s independence from Britain

Marks the start of AGE OF DECOLONIZATION from European empires & influence in Africa & Asia in 1947.

Korean War

Marks a new era of Cold War-proxy wars throughout the world until collapse of Soviet Union in 1950.

Digital Revolution

Begins with the advent of the internet in the 1980’s & 1990'S.

9/11 Terrorist Attacks

Set a new era of war on terror in 2001.

Tanzimat reforms end

1876 - modernized the Ottoman Empire's legal and educational systems. Gave the sultunate less power and secularized society

Young Turks overthrow sultan of Ottoman Empire

In 1908, after the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire tried to retake control when a war with Russia arised.

Formation of the Triple Entente

1907 - a military alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain, aimed at countering the threat posed by the Triple Alliance. I.e the growing power of Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Formation of the triple alliance

1882 - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Formed to maintain peace in Europe and was against France. Italy joined because of rivalry against France after teritorrial disputes over North Africa.

dissolution of the triple alliance

1915 - Italy joined the triple entente. Central powers formed with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman empire

Armenian Genocide

1915 - Extermination of 1.5m Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, because Young Turks thought they were communicating with the triple entente.

Cambodian Genocide

1975 - Killing of Cambodian Citizens under the Khmer Rouge led by Pol Pot, he tried to transform Cambodia into an agrarian society by forcing reforms and sending people to labor camps.

Marhsall Plan

1948 - US program to send western europe financial aid after ww2

Start of League of Nations

1920 - to avoid future conflict

Formation of NATO

1949 - Defensive pact against the soviet union

Creation of the UN

1945 - maintain international peace and prevent conflict

Publishing of the Communist Manifesto

1848 - By Germans Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, outlining the principles of communism against capitalism. The bourgeoisie exploited proletariat.

Spanish American wars of independence

1808 - Revolutions against Spain led by Simon Bolivar, Hernan Cortes, and others, started after Napoleon invaded Spain.

Introduction of Champa rice from the Champa Kingdom to China

11th century

Delhi Sultunate invades Vijayanagara Empire

1417 - Armies from the Delhi Sultunate returned back to Hinduism, as they were hindus before the muslim turks set up the sultunate.

Creation of Angkor Wat in Khmer Empire

12th century - later converted to buddhism, religious syncretism

Building of the Taj Mahal

1632- by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, for his wife and to demonstrate power

Pax Mongolica

13th and 14th century, peace in Mongol empire with trade and new ideas.

Sultunate of Malacca

Trading hub in the 15th and 16th century which taxed ships.

Mughal Empire VS Safavid Empire Conflict

1648 - War between the two empires for many reasons, the main one being because of Shi’a Safavids and Sunni Mughals.

Practice of the Devshirme system

14th century - Ottomans forcibly recruited Christian children into their military and government systems. The military people were called janissaries.

Kangxi Emperor portraits creation

17th century - used by leaders to legitimize and consolidate power. Also, Qing Dynasty was ethnically Manchu, not Han

Creation of the palace of versailles

17th century - by Louis XIII to demonstrate loyalty and power

Counter/Catholic Reformation

1545 - Council of Trent (Italy) aimed to address church abuses and reaffirm Catholic doctrine.

Creation of caravels

13th century - Portugese boat

Tokugawa Shogunate ban of Christians

1614

Different Labor systems used in Latin America

16 & 17th century - Mit’a system (Required labor projects) Encomienda system (Work for protection) Hacienda System (Forced work for food export)

Creation of the D.E.I.C

1602 - Joint stock company privately funded, rather than funded by state like Portugal or Spain

The Fronde

1648 - French civil wars against royal authority, led to French Rev 1789

Queen Nzinga fights the Portugese

1620’s - Nzinga allied with the D.E.I.C. to fight for Angola, and against slavery, and won many battles

Maroon Societies prevalent

17 & 18th century - Groups of free blacks and slaves in Latin America that resisted colonial powers.

Britain outlawed Atlantic Slave Trade

1808

Canton System

1757 - Established by Qing Dynasty to restrict foreign trade in Canton

Salt March

1930 - Led by Mohandas Gandhi in response to the Salt Act passed by Britain in the 19th century, which prohibited Indians from collecting salt. So Gandhi went to the west coast and collected it.

Beginning of Algerian War for Independence against French

1954 - Arab and Berber muslims formed the National Liberation Front who planned violent attacks against French people.

Formation of the Indian National Congress

1885 - call for independence, they then demanded freedom after ww2 and succeeded because of Britain’s collapsed economy.

Korean War

1950 - USSR north, US south. War ended in 1953 with the two states still being split.

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

1991 - Leader Mikhail Gorbachev was a main cause of the collapse because of his policies, like decreased military intervention, which caused Eastern Europe states to rebel against the USSR.

Berlin Wall fell

1989 - Led to the reunification of Germany

“Great Leap Forward” campaign launched

1958 - An attempt by the CCP led by Mao Zedong to industrialize rural China and increase collectivization of crops. However, led to the death of over 20-50million people because of bad crops.

Hitler becomes the Chancellor of Germany

1933 - Nazi party took control, because of the weakness of the Weimar Democracy and economic instability in Germany after World War I.

Zamindar System British Mughal Empire

late 18th century and 19th century. Zamindars were appointed by the imperial gov to collect taxes from peasants.