Chapter 10 -

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61 Terms

1
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Signs that indicate hypoxia

Cyanosis, bradycardia (usually seen in infants + children), abnormal changes in breathing, abnormal changes in chest movement

2
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When should you deliver ventilations when bagging a patient who is conscious and breathing too quickly

Deliver ventilations at the same time as the patient is inhaling

3
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If with a patient in respiratory distress, you can expect ____ without intervention

sleepiness and for the patient to be unarousable

4
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Endotracheal Tube

An advanced airway device commonly used by paramedics that require visualization of the glottic opening

5
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Dead air space is found in the ___ and ___

trachea, bronchi

6
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Equation for minute volume

tidal volume X ventilation rate

7
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Prolonged inspirations indicate…

An upper airway obstruction

8
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A patient is respiratory distress is considered to be breathing ____

Adequately

9
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If a patient will not tolerate the NRB, you should switch to…

A nasal cannula

10
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Respiratory Failure

When compensation for increasing oxygen demand fails and the body’s metabolic needs are not met, hypoxia becomes profound, carbon dioxide builds to dangerous levels, and the muscles used for increased respiration being to tire.

11
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Respiratory Distress

Increased work of breathing or a sensation of shortness of breath

12
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The rate of artificial ventilations through a stoma is based on the patients ___

Age

13
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Maximum flow setting for a NRB

15 LPM

14
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An action done when ventilating a patient with a BVM who has a suspected spinal injury and would not be done otherwise

Not tilting the head or neck when bringing the jaw up to the mask

15
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What to do if a problem is noticed with an ET tube?

Notify the paramedic immediately

16
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A true statement of ALL oxygen cylinders available

The Oxygen used in emergency care is stored under pressure

17
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A scenario in which Oxygen should never be used

Anywhere around open flames

18
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Negative side effects of PPV

Decreased cardiac output, gastric distention, and hyperventilation

19
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When an EMT should consider humidifying the oxygen for a patient

When the oxygen will be administered over a long period of time

20
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A reason why adhesive tape should never be used on an oxygen tank

It could cause a fire

21
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Optimum flow rate of oxygen delivered via a NRB

12 - 15 Liters a minute

22
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Univeral color for medical-grade O² tanks

Green

23
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First step of using a BVM on a patient with a stoma

clear any mucus or secretion from the stoma

24
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Age a patient would likely benefit from a humidifier on an oxygen cylinder

7-year-old

25
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( Inspiration / exhalation) ouccurs when the diaphram contracts

Exhalation

26
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How a partial rebreather mask is different from a nonrebreather mask

lacks a one-way valve in the opening to the reservoir bag

27
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How the reservoir bag on a nonrebreather mask should be during inhalation

the bag should not completely empty

28
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Venturi mask

An oxygen delivery device that can provide specific oxygen concentrations; commonly used in COPD patients

29
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Ventilation

the act of breathing in and out

30
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The level of what chemical has the most significant impact on the regulation of breathing

Carbon Dioxide levels

31
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During an asthma attack ___ and ___ are ___ from normal value assuming a fixed respiratory rate

Tidal volume; minute volume; decreased

32
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Commonalities between pulmonary and cellular respiration

Blood and diffusion of O²

33
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Cause of gastric distention during ventilation

Air being pushed through the esophagus

34
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Approximate amount of Oxygen in a D cylinder

350 L

35
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A way to prevent gastric distention

use an airway adjunct when ventilating

36
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Why air enters the lungs during inhalation

Negative pressure is created inside the lungs

37
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A person who is breathing too slowly will have…

A decreased minute volume

38
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Mechanics of breathing would be disrupted in the event of a…

painful chest wall injury or sucking chest wound

39
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A pressure regulator must be connected to an oxygen cylinder to provide a safe working pressure of:

30-70 psi

40
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Alveolar ventilation

The amount of air that enters the alveoli for gas exchange

41
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For pulmonary and cellular respiration to work efficiently, the ____ system must also be functioning

Cardiovascular

42
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When a person inhales the diaphram:

contracts and the intercostal muscles contract

43
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Alveolar ventilation can be altered through changes in __ and __

rate; volume

44
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What happens to the alveolar ventilation if the tidal volume has decreased assuming no change in the respiratory rate

Decreases

45
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Calculation for alveolar ventilation

Dead airspace - tidal volume = X

46
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Difference between adequate and inadequate breathing

The ability for the body to compensate for increasing oxygen demand

47
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Under typical circumstances, skin may be pale and blue in…

Respiratory failure and respiratory arrest

48
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Respiratory arrest

the patient is no longer breathing

49
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Signs of inadequate breathing that require artificial ventilations are:

chest movements that are absent, minimal, or uneven

50
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Stoma

A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes

51
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Hyperventilation is

carbon dioxide is blown off, vasoconstriction, and blood flow to brain becomes limited

52
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Preferred method of artificial ventilation

Two rescuer BVM

53
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If unable to ventilate effectively through a stoma, another option is to:

Consider sealing the stoma and attempt artificial ventilation through the mouth and nose

54
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Properly utilized the nonrebreather mask can typically deliver __% O² concentrations

80-100%

55
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Oxygen concentration of a venturi mask

24-60%

56
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Approximate amount of oxygen in a G cylinder

5,300 L

57
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Approximate amount of oxygen in a H cylinder

6,900 L

58
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Approximate amount of oxygen in a M cylinder

3,000 L

59
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Approximate amount of oxygen in a E cylinder

625 L

60
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Number used when calculating the duration of flow for an M Cylinder

1.56

61
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Type of flowmeter likely to be used in the field only in oxygen-powered devices

High-pressure