Geol 101 - Physical Properties Cards :D

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Physical Properties

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Review for the Pre-Lab Quiz (if necessary lol)

Geology

23 Terms

1

Physical Properties

a measurable characteristic of a tangible (real) object.

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2

Intensive Physical Property

one that does not depend on the size of the object; speed, density and hardness.

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3

Extensive Physical Property

weight & electrical resistance are highly dependent on the size of the object.

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4

What are the 5 Physical Properties?

hardness, density, luster, streak, and texture.

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5

What are the 3 properties closely related to density?

Specific gravity and heft (weight)

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6

Hardness

Intensive Physical Property; ability of a solid substance to resist permanent deformation when subjected to a compressive force.

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7

How is relative hardness tested in geology?

Scratch test: Unknown sample is scratched with known samples.

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8

What is the lowest mineral on Mohs Hardness Scale?

Talc

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9

What is the highest mineral on Mohs Hardness Scale?

Diamond

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10

How does the Mohs Hardness Scale work?

If a mineral is ranked lower, it can be scratched by higher ranked minerals. Higher ranked minerals cannot be scratched by lower ones.

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11

Density (p)

an object is defined as the mass per unit volume.

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12

Mass (m)

Represents the amount of matter that is present; measured in g or kg.

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13

Formula for weight?

W = m * g

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14

What does the symbol “g” mean?

Acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)

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15

Volume (V)

Amount of 3-dimensional space that is occupies; expressed in liters, m³ or cm³

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16

How is density calculated?

p = m/V

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17

How is density used?

Used to estimate the actual composition of a material.

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18

How is volume measured?

fluid displacement

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19

Specific Gravity (Gs = ρ/ρw)

The density of an object relative to the density of water; if Gs < 1 = Floats; if Gs > 1 = Sinks

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20

Heft

the perceived density obtained by holding the sample in your hand.

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21

Luster

the way that light reflects, or doesn’t, from the surface of a material.

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22

Streak

a small sample is dragged across a sample of an unglazed ceramic plate, leaving a streak of powdered material. The streak reveals the actual color of a mineral.

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23

Texture

the shape, size, and arrangement of the component pieces.

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