Bio-Molecules + Enzymes

NAFO 2023 Seasted Honors Biology

Macromolecules

Large organic molecules made of monomer

Monomer

1 unit “building blocks”

Polymer

Multiple monomers chemically bonded.

Chemical Bonds

Where is energy stored?

Hydrolysis

Reaction that breaks apart a molecule and forms water. (Releases energy)

Dehydration Synthesis

Reaction that forms molecules with the removal of water. (Stores energy)

Organic Molecules

Has both carbon and hydrogen atoms linked together. (Main Elements, C-H)

Inorganic Molecules

Doesn’t have carbon AND hydrogen atoms linked together. (O=C=O)

Carbohydrates- Nickname

Carbs or Sugars

Carbohydrates

Composed of elements arranged in 1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen.

Carbohydrates- Shape

Ring

Glucose

Main source of energy.

Monosaccharide

One ring (Ex. Glucose or Fructose)

Disaccharide Examples

Sucrose or Lactose

Polysaccharides

Two or more monosaccharides bonded together. (Ex. Starch, Cellulose, Chitin, Glycogen.

Lipids

Contain the elements C, H, and some O.

Building blocks of lipids

Glyceral & Fatty Acids

Lipids- Function

Long term energy source, makes up cell membranes, provide insulation.

What has twice as much energy and calories as carbs?

Lipids (Ex. Wax, Oils, Fats, Steroids, Phospholipids)

Nucleic Acids

Codes for and produces proteins

Nucleic Acid- Composition

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. (C, H, O, N, P)

Nucleic Acid- Structure

Phosphate group, S-Carbon sugar, Nitrogenous base.

Which group is this building block for?

Nucleic Acids

What is used for long-term energy storage?

Lipids

What builds tissues like bone and muscle?

Proteins

What is a major part of cell membranes?

Lipids

What has a name that ends in "ose”?

Carbohydrates

What is made up of nucleotides?

Nucleic Acids

What forms antibodies that help you fight disease?

Proteins

What has a ratio of C, H, O, that is 1:2:1?

Carbohydrates

What includes enzymes that control reaction rates?

Proteins

What process is this?

Hydrolysis

What process is this?

Dehydration Synthesis

What is made up of mostly of C and H, with some O?

Lipids

What has monosaccharides as its monomer?

Carbohydrates

What is made up of C, H, O, N?

Proteins

What has the most energy per gram?

Lipids

What has an amino acid as its monomer?

Proteins

What stores genetic information?

Nucleic Acids

What is used as a source of quick energy?

Carbohydrates

What type of organic compound is this?

Carbohydrate

What would this be an example of?

Nucleic Acids

Which has starch, cellulose, and chitin as examples?

Carbohydrates

What has fatty acids as its monomer?

Lipids

What has building blocks like this?

Proteins

What organic compound is this?

Lipid

What has monomers made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base?

Nucleic Acids

What group do enzymes belong to?

Proteins

What building blocks like this?

Lipids

What macromolecules make up the majority of the cell membrane?

Lipids

What macromolecule is an enzyme?

Protein

How does an enzyme increase the rate of reaction?

It decreases the activation energy required to start the reaction.

Identify Structure A

Substrate

Identify Structure B

Enzyme (Before Reaction)

Identify Structure C

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Identify Structure D

Enzyme (After Reaction)

Identify Structure E

Products

What two things affect the activity of an enzyme?

Temperature and pH levels.