RBT exam

The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following?

All of the above
(deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior interventions plans as written as a BCBA)
True/False: An RBT can practice independently of a BCBA

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The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following?

All of the above
(deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior interventions plans as written as a BCBA)

True/False: An RBT can practice independently of a BCBA

False

Rate is...

the total count per a unit of time

Duration is...

the time from when the behavior begins to when it ends.

Latency is...

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior

Which of the following is a continuous recording method?

All of the above
(duration, rate/frequency, and latency)

calculate frequency/rate per hour and minute for a behavior that occurred 120 times over a 2 hour observation

60 per hour, 1 per minute

partial-interval recording is...

When the behavior must occur at least once during the interval to be recorded

Whole-interval recording is....

when the behavior must occur for the entire interval to be recorded.

Momentary time sampling is....

when the behavior must be occurring at the end of the interval to be recorded.

Inter-response time is...

The time between the end of one instance of the behavior and the beginning of the next occurrence of behavior.

which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to increase?

whole-interval recording

Which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to decrease?

Partial-interval recording

true or false? Partial interval recording has the tendency to under-estimate the frequency of a target behavior while whole interval recording has the tendency to over-estimate the frequency of the target behavior?

False

Which of the following are examples of "permanent products" that can be used to collect data using permanent product recording procedures.

Number of broken windows and folded shirts

True/False: permanent product recording is one of the lease cumbersome data recording methods

True

Choose the best operational definition for a tantrum

Any instance of the client crying and hitting himself in the head with a closed fist which makes a sound that can be heard within five feet. Instance must last longer than 30 seconds and are separated by 30 seconds of non-occurrence.

Define behavior:

The activity of living organisms; human behavior includes everything that people do.

define environment:

the conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or references part of the organism exists; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment.

List the four functions of behavior:

Social positive (attention/access), Social negative (escaping), Automatic Positive (sensory stimulation), Automatic Negative (pain attenuation)

A client gets out of his seat every time a demand is placed. When he gets out of his seat his teacher says, "Oh you need a break", and does not follow through with her demand. This client's out of seat behavior most likely serves what function?

Social negative (escape)

A client frequently spits. You notice that he spits during work times, when he is on a break, when he is playing with his favorite toys, during meal times, when you or someone else is directly engaged with him, and even when he is by himself. One day mom brings the client back from the dentist where he had to get 6 cavities filled. After this dentist appointment the spitting stopped. What function does spitting most likely serve?

Automatic negative (pain attenuation)

Every time his mother removes items from him, a client engages in a tantrum. Mom tries to ignore him but after around five minutes mom gives him back the item she removed and the tantrum immediately stops. What function is most likely maintaining the tantrums?

Social Positive (attention/access)

A client hits other students in his class during work and break times. Each time he hits another students the teacher immediately provides a verbal reprimand. What function does his hitting most like serve?

Social Positive (attention/access)

You work with a client who drops legos on the floor for hours if left alone. The client does this even if others are playing with him, when no demands are being placed, and when given free access to a number of preferred toys. What is the function of the lego dropping behavior?

Automatic Positive (sensory stimulation)

What is an antecedent?

A stimulus that occurs before the behavior

What is a consequence?

A stimulus that occurs after the behavior

Why do we conduct assessments?

All of the above
(to discover behavioral deficits, to discover behavior excesses, to identify environment variables)

True/False: A functional assessment is a set of procedures used to identify the cause of a problem behavior or socially inappropriate behavior.

True

A functional analysis is...

The deliberate manipulation of variables to evoke a target behavior to determine the function of the behavior.

A Functional Behavior Assessment is...

all of the above
(a set of interviews conducted to identify the function of a behavior, observations of the problem behavior as it is occurring in the natural setting, and functional analysis)

What does the ABC stand for in ABC recording?

Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence

A reinforcer is...

A stimulus that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior

A punisher is...

A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a behavior.

Provide one example of a primary reinforcer

food, water, warmth.

Provide one example of a secondary reinforcer

bell, token, praise.

The manipulation if Motivating Operations is a(n)...

Antecedent intervention

True/False: an Establishing Operation increases the value of a particular reinforcer

True

True/False: An Abolishing Operation decreases the value of a particular reinforcer

True

What is the main purpose of pairing yourself with reinforcement:

to make you reinforcing to the client

What is differential reinforcement?

reinforcing a desired behavior while discontinuing the reinforcement for an undesired behavior.

Which of the following is not a Differential Reinforcement procedure?

Differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors.

Which of the following is an incompatible behavior for hand flipping?

Squeezing hands together.

Define Extinction:

Discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur.

True/False: Extinction is most effective when used as a stand-alone procedure?

False.

You are working with a client who engages in verbal aggression. The BCBA on the case has determined that the verbal aggression is maintain by escape from demands. The BCBA asks you to use extinction as a part of the intervention plan. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like.

Not allowing the client to escape from demands when he/she engages in verbal aggression and providing no reaction or response to the verbal aggression.

You are working with a client who engages in tantrums that are maintained by access to tangibles. The BCBA instructs you to implement extinction. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like for this case.

Not providing tangibles when the client engages in tantrum behaviors and providing no reaction or response to the tantrum behavior.

True/False: There are times as an RBT you will have to implement emergency/crisis strategies.

True

Which of the following is an example of an emergency/crisis management strategy.

All of the above
(Relocate people, Remove unnecessary demands, and rearrange the environment)

You are unsure that an emergency/crisis management procedure is appropriate for a particular behavior. Who should you consult with?

BCBA

What constitute an emergency?

All of the above
(Self-injury, injury to others, destruction of property)

An Acquisition program is a program designed to...

Teach a new skill the individual does not have.

Acquisition programs can teach with of the following skills

all of the above
(daily living skills, communication skills, recreational/leisure skills)

True/False: Another name for conditioned reinforcement is primary reinforcement.

False

Examples of unconditioned reinforcers include which of the following? Circle all that apply.

Skittles, Juice, sleeping

List three examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Tokens, social praise, toys.

What is a reinforcement schedule?

A protocol that states the frequency of which reinforcement will be delivered.

When would you provide reinforcement if a client was on a continuous schedule of reinforcement?

Reinforcement is delivered for each occurrence of the target behavior.

True/False: Intermittent reinforcement is most often used for maintaining previously learned behaviors.

True

What are the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement?

Fixed-ratio, fixed interval, variable-ratio, variable-interval

When using a ratio schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?

Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses.

When using an interval schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when?

Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since the last response.

True/False: Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps

True

When teaching with DTT how quickly should you deliver reinforcement after a correct response?

Within 1-2 seconds.

True/False: Discrete Trial Training is a method of teaching in the natural environment, following what the client naturally gravitates toward.

False

True/False: Discrete Trial Training is an effective way to teach certain skills to some learners with ASD.

True

Which of the following will you want to do when delivering reinforcement during DTT?

All of the above
(deliver a variety of reinforcers, ensure that the effort to obtain reinforcement is reasonable, use an appropriate rate of reinforcement, use an appropriate magnitude of reinforcement, and minimize the time between the correct response and delivering reinforcement.

Define a prompt:

A cue or assistance to encourage a desired response and used to provide assistance to increase clients success and reduce frustration with learning new skills/behaviors.

Provide 3 examples of a prompt

Gestural, verbal, physical.

Prompts should be...

Gradually withdrawn.

Some advantages of NET are which of the following.

Use of a client's MO to guide language instruction, Reduce the amount of problem behavior, the verbal instructions are much more instructions are much more characteristic of typical verbal interactions, and the training conditions are closer to how a client may be taught in the future.

Provide an example of incidental teaching...

Providing structured learning opportunities in the natural environment by using the clients interests and natural motivation, such as withholding reinforcing items until a client requests them appropriately.

True/False: Sometimes when using NET procedures you may have to contrive a situation to work on a skill.

True

True/False: Task analysis is the process of breaking a skill into smaller, more manageable steps in order to teach the skill. Task analysis is an effective way to plan the teaching of skills that require several steps to be performed.

True.

Task analysis can be used to teach which of the following types of skills.

All of the above
(self-help skills, life skills, academic skills)

Provide an example of a behavior that is most likely be taught using a task analysis.

hand washing, brushing teeth, completing chores.

When using backward chaining the RBT does which of the following?

Will prompt the client through the steps and then expect the client to do the last step independently. Each time a step is mastered the client is expected to complete the acquisition step and all mastered steps.

When using forward chaining the RBT does with of the following?

Will ask the client to complete the first step independently then prompt him/her through the remainder of the steps. Once a step is mastered the client is expected to complete all mastered and the one acquisition step independently.

When using total task presentation the RBT does which of the following?

Will present the task and will allow the opportunity for the client to complete each step independently in order each time the task is presented, prompting when necessary.

True/False: Discrimination training is a process of reinforcing or punishing a response is the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of other stimuli.

True.

Which of the following is considered an error?

All of the above
(repeating the correct answer more than once, no response, selecting the wrong item)

True/False: The stimulus delta (S-Delta) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced.

False.

True/False: The discriminative stimulus (Sd) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced.

False

Define Stimulus control:

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

True/False: Stimulus fading involved introducing or altering a new element, such as color, intensity, or size to the target stimulus, which is gradually faded by reducing its intensity or components.

True

True/False: Stimulus fading can often be used to desensitize a client to aversive stimuli.

True

Provide an example of stimulus fading:

Stimulus fading can be used in what context(s)?

All of the above
(academic skills, adaptive skills, behavior reduction)

Which is a correct prompting hierarchy for prompt fading?

Full physical, partial physical, model, gesture

Which is a correct prompting hierarchy for prompt fading?

Full verbal, partial verbal, gestural, visual.

True/False: Failing to fade prompts can lead to a client being prompt dependent?

True.

The goal of instruction is to produce behavior change outside the training context...

All of the above
(overtime, accross persons, setting, and stimuli, and spread to related behaviors.)

If a client can perform a skill in a different context then it was taught, that skill has...

Generalized

List one strategy for promoting maintenance

Performing a skill after a portion or all has been terminated.

List one strategy for promoting generalization.

Introduce natural contingencies.

read the following scenario. "Alex successfully uses the toilet at the clinic, then he begins using the toilet at home." True/False: The skill of using the toilet has generalized?

True

Parent training is a key part of any ABA program because of which of the following?

Parents have more interactions with their client than anyone else so being trained is a key component to the client being successful
AND
Skills are not fully learned until they generalize to caregivers.

True/False: Parents should be surveyed frequently with regards to problem behavior, new skills, and potential reinforcers.

True