PSY

Early School

Structuralism structure of the mind. (Periodic table & elements of what parts of our minds do things.)

Functionalism- the function of consciousness. what is the function of the mind of what is the purpose of anger? what is the purpose of emotions?

Abnormal Psychology

unusual and distressing patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Positive Psychology

study human flourishing, buying other things.

Evolutionary psychology

the study of behavior, thoughts, and feelings as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology.

classical conditioning

learning through pairing

objective

obviously measurable

subjective

is my opinion of something

Psychodynamic psychology (1920’s-1960’s)

unconscious mind and childhood experience

cognitive psychology

studying how people think.

psychology focuses on how the interactions of thinking, emotion, creativity, and problem-solving, abilities affect how and why you think the way you think the way do.

focus on mental processes.

Wihelm Wudt

Opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879

(German Physiologist)

Humility

accept knowledge.

curiosity

ask questions

skeptism

you are NOT sure about their theory

observation manipulate

things I can see

I want to see what it does.

Emprical Study

an evidence-based method of research that draws on experimental and observation.

behaviorism/ behavioral psychology

theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning

Sigmund Freud

He looked at the unconscious mind and childhood experience, unconscious whishes did couch therapy.

cultural psychology

is the study of how psychological and behavioral tendencies are rooted and embedded within culture.

mental process speed

someone saying something and then you ask what they said even though you know what they said and end up answering before they say it again.

Contemporary psychology

the study of human behavior and mind using modern methods and theories

Waston

worked on an advertisement for Maxwell house.

Idea of “COFFEE BREAK”

social psychology

based on real or image present of other relationships

How to use psychology in college

Testing effects, SQ3R, survey, question, read, retrieve (look at your stuff every other day), Review, Distribute studytime, think critically, actively process info,ation

Research Strategies: CORRELATIONS (General definition)

an observation that two traits, things or attributes are related to each other.

Research strategies: Correlations (scientific defintion)

A measure of how close two factors vary together, or how well you can predict a change in one observing a change in the other.

Positive correlation

between 0 and +1.00

Negative correlation

between 0 and -1.00

Research strategies

establishing causation——> experimentation, experiments help us to establish causation.

with experiments, researchers can focus on the possible effects of one or more factors in serval ways.

manipulating the factors of interest and their effect.

Holding Constant- (“controlling”) other factors

experimental group and control group

Stroop

control condition=xx

theory: automatic processing

repeated measures

controlled variable instructions.

IV: stimulus sheet (words vs x’s)

DV: time in seconds

conducting variable: cog, mobility, noise, coemption, order effects, distracted by timer, personality shifts.

placebo effects def

effects involve caused by expectations.

placebo effects expectations

ALC: ALC expectations

NO ALC: NO ALC expectations

Placebo- expectations

Reverse placebo- all Without expectations

Universities

IRB ethics committees, laboratory regulation, and inspections.

distributed practice

produces better long-term recall

Chunking

organization of items into familiar, manageable units often occurs automatically.

Sensory memory

the first stage in forming explicit memories, the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory. iconic memory: picture-image memory

echoic memory: sound memory

short-term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten.

short-term memory capacity

rule of 7+ or -2, working memory, capacity varies by age and other factors.

implicit-memory system

the cerebellum, and basal ganglia, implicit memory, the cerebellum plays an important role in forming and storing memories created by classical conditioning, memories of physical skills are also implicit memories, basal ganglia help form memories for these skills

spatial memories

rear areas of the brain

Hippocampus

like a temporary of explicit memories and then from there it moves all of your information to everywhere else in your frontal lobes and into your cortex. Holds that memory for 24 hrs through one good sleep

REM

is important for sleep and memory

sematic memories

a type of explicit memory but these are specific to facts and knowledge. it’s a conscious memory and it’s for facts and knowledge.

episodic memory

is an explicit memory, it’s conscious memory and it’s of personally, experienced.

implicit memory system

is going to be focused on our cerebellum and our basal ganglia.

implicit memories

helps us with skills.

Cerebellum

is in the back of our brain. (size of a softball) it’s above a brainstem. helps us with balance and what makes us loose our balance when we drink alcohol.

hyper-focused

can produce a kind of a tunnel vision that makes you miss details.

shallow processing

is manning a rhyme it remembers things

Basal Ganglia

is different than any other brain structure, it receives information from the cortex, but it does not send any information back to the cortex, it just sends messages kind of to the body. It helps memories of skills during sports.

Hippocampus memories

Memories are not stored in the hippocampus, they are moved into the hippocampus, it held there. it remembers the episode, which specifically have to do with episodic memories, some memories of events, smell, feel, sound, location are in your hippocampus and then move to the rest of your brain.