Fill-in-Blanks 6

Mood disorders include extreme sadness (____) or elation/irritability (_____)

Depression; mania

Three signs of Depression

Mood disturbances, cognitive disturbances, and somatic disturbances

Children often report ____ symptoms and are the most common early signs

Somatic

Symptom characterized as emotional state of intense but unfounded elation, distractibility, irritability, and hyperactivity

Mania

To be diagnosed with MDD, there must be the presence of __ symptoms for at least _ weeks

5; 2

MDD is __ more common in women than in men

2x

Out of the 5 required symptoms for MDD, depressed mood or loss of _______ must be 1 of the 5 symptoms

Interest and pleasure

Gender difference in MDD appears in ____ and is maintained

Adolescence

Bipolar 1 involves episodes of mania or _____ that include symptoms of both mania and depression

Mixed episodes

The average age of onset for Bipolar Disorder is ____

20s

Severe manic episodes can result in _________

Violent behaviours (child or spousal abuse)

Episodes of MDD is accompanied by ________

Hypomania (less extreme than Bipolar 1 mania)

Postpartum Depression (PD) is also known as “_______”

Baby blues

A predictor of PD is _______

Stressful life event

Freud theorizes depression is an analogy to _____

Bereavement

Theory that is based toward negative interpretations and contains the negative triad (self, world, future) and _______

Beck’s Theory of Depression. Negative schema

Inidividual’s passivity + sense of being unable to control own life is acquired through experiences and traumas that were unsuccessfully controlled

Learned Helplessness

Revised theory of learned helplessness = Attribution - ______

Depressive paradox

Hopelessness Theory: ______ that desirable outcomes will not occur and undesirable ones will

Expectation

Interpersonal Theory of Depression involves sparse _____ networks that provide little support

Social

Bipolar concordance rate is as high as _____

85%

Heritability of MDD is ____

35%

Tricyclic drugs prevent some of the _____ of norepinephrine, serotonin, + dopamine by presynaptic neuron after its fired

Reuptake

Monoamine oxidase (MAOIs) keep the enzyme MAOI from deactivating neurotransmitters, therefore ____ levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the synpase

Increasing

Antidepressants and mood stabilizers may work by changing the ______ of receptors for these neurotransmitters

Responsiveness

During untreated depression, MAO-A levels in the brain are _____

Elevated

Axis that plays a role in depression by increased cortisol

HPA

Axis that plays a role in bipolar disorder and disordered thyroid function

HPT

Cognitive + Behavioural Therapies encourage clients to "_____”

Do things

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy is used to prevent _____

Relapse

_____ about Bipolar Disorder and treatment can help

Education

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a dramatic and controversial treatment for ________

Severe depression

What % experience benefits from lithium to treat Bipolar Disorder?

80%

Suicide is the ___ leading cause of death in CAN 2012

9th

Suicide rates for male alcoholics are _____ than men in general

Greater (>)

In a _____, 78% of completed suicide screened positive on psychopathology scale at 8 years old

Finnish study

Predictors of suicide that includes severity of SI, hopelessness, depression, BP diagnosis, etc

Long-term predictors

Suicide attempts are often a result of hopelessness and _______

Self-criticism

4 categories of Risk Factor Model for CAN. Name 2.

1. Predisposing (vulnerability) factors

2. Precipitating (crisis) factors

3. Contributing factors

4. Protective (decrease risk) factors

Baumeister: _____ have impossibly high self-standards

Perfectionists

Perfectionism is an ____ of risk for suicide

Amplifier

Shneidman: Suicidal people are experiencing ______ = intense anguish

Psychache

__ twins have a higher concordance for suicide than _ twins

MZ; DZ

Suicidal individuals have _______, making it hard to see options

Constricted thinking